Automatic control of the composition of the gas phase in an electric furnace

N. M. Chuiko; G. G. Tkachenko; A. F. Kablukovskii; A. T. Perevyazko

doi:10.1007/bf00736883

Automatic control of the composition of the gas phase in an electric furnace

Metallurgist ◽

10.1007/bf00736883 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 20-22

Author(s):

N. M. Chuiko ◽

G. G. Tkachenko ◽

A. F. Kablukovskii ◽

A. T. Perevyazko

Keyword(s):

Automatic Control ◽

Gas Phase ◽

Electric Furnace

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Automatic control of heating sheet glass in an electric furnace

Glass and Ceramics ◽

10.1007/bf00677943 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 83-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. G. Minakov

Keyword(s):

Automatic Control ◽

Sheet Glass ◽

Electric Furnace ◽

Heating Sheet

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Development of an automatic control system for monitoring an anaerobic fluidized-bed

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1994.0772 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (10-11) ◽

pp. 289-295 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

F. Ehlinger ◽

Y. Escoffier ◽

J. P. Couderc ◽

J. P. Leyris ◽

R. Moletta

Keyword(s):

Control System ◽

Expert System ◽

Liquid Phase ◽

Automatic Control ◽

Gas Phase ◽

Fluidized Bed ◽

Automatic Control System ◽

Start Up ◽

On Line ◽

Ph Variations

The start-up procedure of a laboratory fluidized-bed was monitored by an automatic control system. Twenty six days were necessary to increase the load from 1 to 35 kg COD/m3.d. The system took into account the pH of the liquid phase, the production of gas, and the concentration of hydrogen in the gas phase. These parameters were measured by on-line sensors. According to variations of these parameters, algorithm based on a principle very close to an expert system adjusted the flow-rate of the feeding pump. The automatic control system was tested in the following situations: perturbations in the process generated by large pH variations (± 0.2 to 0.7 pH unit) and organic overloads (from 50 to 100 kg COD/m3.d). After 44 hours of overloading, CH4 and CO2 concentrations in the gas phase were very useful to detect the deviation of the reactor.

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Residual Gas Reactions in the Electron Microscope: I. Qualitative Observations on the Water Gas Reaction

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100101207 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 292-293

Author(s):

Richard E. Hartman ◽

Roberta S. Hartman ◽

Peter L. Ramos

Keyword(s):

Electron Beam ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Gas Phase ◽

Absolute Temperature ◽

Residual Gas ◽

Gas Reactions ◽

Image Position ◽

The Right ◽

Water Gas ◽

Thinning Rate

The action of water and the electron beam on organic specimens in the electron microscope results in the removal of oxidizable material (primarily hydrogen and carbon) by reactions similar to the water gas reaction .which has the form:The energy required to force the reaction to the right is supplied by the interaction of the electron beam with the specimen.The mass of water striking the specimen is given by:where u = gH2O/cm2 sec, PH2O = partial pressure of water in Torr, & T = absolute temperature of the gas phase. If it is assumed that mass is removed from the specimen by a reaction approximated by (1) and that the specimen is uniformly thinned by the reaction, then the thinning rate in A/ min iswhere x = thickness of the specimen in A, t = time in minutes, & E = efficiency (the fraction of the water striking the specimen which reacts with it).

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Integration of Core-Edge Spectroscopy Methods for the Study of Polymers

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010016323x ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 154-155

Author(s):

E. G. Rightor

Keyword(s):

Excited State ◽

Polymer Blends ◽

Gas Phase ◽

Spatial Resolution ◽

High Spatial Resolution ◽

Electronic States ◽

Core Electron ◽

Bulk Solids ◽

Development Application

Core edge spectroscopy methods are versatile tools for investigating a wide variety of materials. They can be used to probe the electronic states of materials in bulk solids, on surfaces, or in the gas phase. This family of methods involves promoting an inner shell (core) electron to an excited state and recording either the primary excitation or secondary decay of the excited state. The techniques are complimentary and have different strengths and limitations for studying challenging aspects of materials. The need to identify components in polymers or polymer blends at high spatial resolution has driven development, application, and integration of results from several of these methods.

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