Chromosomal evolution in bovids: a comparison of cattle, sheep and goat G- and R-banded chromosomes and cytogenetic divergences among cattle, goat and river buffalo sex chromosomes

1995 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 291-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leopoldo Iannuzzi ◽  
Giulia Pia Di Meo
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
River Buffalo

scholarly journals Chromosomal Evolution in Lower Vertebrates: Sex Chromosomes in Neotropical Fishes

Genes ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo de Bello Cioffi ◽  
Cassia Fernanda Yano ◽  
Alexandr Sember ◽  
Luiz Antônio Carlos Bertollo
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
Neotropical Fishes ◽  
Lower Vertebrates

Pattern of X–Y chromosome pairing in the Japanese field vole, Microtus montebelli

Genome ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 829-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Borodin ◽  
M. B. Rogatcheva ◽  
K. Koyasu ◽  
K. Fukuta ◽  
K. Mekada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synaptonemal Complex ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Field Vole ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
The One ◽  
Ancestral Type

Pairing of X and Y chromosomes at meiotic prophase in males of Microtus montebelli was analyzed. The sex chromosomes form a synaptonemal complex at pachytene and end-to-end association at diakinesis – metaphase I in two species of the genus Microtus (M. montebelli and M. oeconomus) only, while they do not pair at all in the other species of this genus that have been studied so far. These data confirm that M. montebelli and M. oeconomus are very closely related in their origin. It is suggested that the sex chromosomes of M. montebelli and M. oeconomus display the ancestral type of X–Y pairing. The lack of X–Y pairing in most species of Microtus appeared after the split in lineage that led to M. oeconomus and M. montebelli on the one hand and the remaining species on the other.Key words: Microtus montebelli, arvicoline phylogeny, synaptic sex chromosome, synaptonemal complex, chromosomal evolution.

Distribution of Telomeric Sequences (TTAGGG)n in Rearranged Chromosomes of Phyllotine Rodents (Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 147 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Lanzone ◽  
Carolina Labaroni ◽  
Natalia Suárez ◽  
Daniela Rodríguez ◽  
Macarena L. Herrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
Robertsonian Translocations ◽  
Telomeric Sequences ◽  
Molecular Cytogenetic ◽  
Interstitial Telomeric Sequences ◽  
Robertsonian Rearrangements ◽  
Recent Origin ◽  
Chromosome Fusions ◽  
Molecular Cytogenetic Techniques

Phyllotines are sigmodontine rodents endemic to South America with broad genetic variability, Robertsonian polymorphisms being the most frequent. Moreover, this taxon includes a species with multiple sex chromosomes, which is infrequent in mammals. However, molecular cytogenetic techniques have never been applied to phyllotines to elucidate their karyotypic evolution. We studied the chromosomes of 4 phyllotine species using FISH with a pantelomeric probe (TTAGGG)n. Graomys griseoflavus, Eligmodontia puerulus, and E. morgani are polymorphic for Robertsonian translocations, whereas Salinomys delicatus possesses XX/ XY1Y2 sex chromosomes. Telomeric signals were detected at both ends of all chromosomes of the studied species. In S. delicatus interstitial telomeric sequences (ITS) were observed in the 3 major chromosome pairs, which are equidistant from one of the telomeres in these chromosomes. These results suggest that ITS are important in the reshuffling of the highly derived karyotype of S. delicatus. Considering the phylogeny of phyllotines, the Robertsonian rearrangements of G. griseoflavus, E. puerulus, and E. morgani possibly represent chromosome fusions which have occurred independently. The pericentromeric regions of the biarmed chromosomes of these species do not contain telomeric sequences characteristic for strict fusions of recent origin, suggesting a common pattern of telomeric repeat loss during chromosomal evolution of these rodents.

Karyotypic studies of some Australian Scincidae (Reptilia)

1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
M King
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
Mitotic Chromosomes ◽  
Heteromorphic Sex Chromosomes

The mitotic chromosomes of nine species from five genera of the saurian family Scincidae are presented. Chromosome numbers and karyotypic morphology support the taxonomic subdivision of these lizards into the subfamilies Lygosominae (2n=30) and Scincinae (2n=32). A model for the chromosomal evolution of these species is postulated. Variability in chromosomal morphology is minimal though certain intergeneric and species differences were detected. Heteromorphic sex chromosomes were not observed.

scholarly journals Microsatellite Organization in the B Chromosome and A Chromosome Complement in Astyanax (Characiformes, Characidae) Species

2016 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diovani Piscor ◽  
Patricia P. Parise-Maltempi
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
B Chromosome ◽  
Evolutionary Pathway ◽  
Animal Groups ◽  
Astyanax Mexicanus

The organization of microsatellites in B and sex chromosomes has been linked to chromosomal evolution in a number of animal groups. Here, the chromosomal organizations of (CA)15, (GA)15, (CG)15, (GACA)4, and (GATA)8 microsatellites were examined in several Astyanax species with different diploid numbers: Astyanax mexicanus (2n = 50 + 1 B chromosome), A. altiparanae (2n = 50), A. marionae (2n = 48), A. fasciatus (2n = 46), and A. schubarti (2n = 36). The (CA)15 and (GA)15 microsatellites were dispersed across the chromosomes of A. altiparanae and A. fasciatus but were also observed as clusters (CA and GA for A. altiparanae, and CA for A. fasciatus). In A. marionae and A. schubarti, the (CA)15 and (GA)15 microsatellites were dispersed but were also observed as clustered signals and coincident with heterochromatic regions. In all 4 of these species, the (CG)15 and (GACA)4 microsatellites were dispersed across chromosomes, and the (GATA)8 microsatellite was co-localized with 5S rDNA. In A. mexicanus, the (CA)15, (GA)15, (CG)15, (GATA)8, and (GACA)4 microsatellites were weakly detected and dispersed across the chromosomes of the A complement. On the B chromosome, signals for the different microsatellites were weak, strong, absent, weak, and absent, respectively. The distribution of microsatellites and the locational relationship between microsatellites and 5S rDNA are discussed, and a possible evolutionary pathway is proposed for microsatellites in Astyanax.

scholarly journals Extensive Sex Chromosome Polymorphism of Microtus thomasi/Microtus atticus Species Complex Associated with Cryptic Chromosomal Rearrangements and Independent Accumulation of Heterochromatin

2017 ◽  
Vol 151 (4) ◽  
pp. 198-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michail T. Rovatsos ◽  
Juan A. Marchal ◽  
Ismael Romero-Fernández ◽  
Maria Arroyo ◽  
Eva B. Athanasopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
Chromosome Polymorphism ◽  
Random Drift ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Karyotypic Diversity ◽  
Comparative Painting

The sibling species Microtus thomasi and M. atticus represent probably the highest karyotypic diversity within the genus Microtus and are an interesting model for chromosomal evolution studies. In addition to variation in autosomes, they show a high intraspecific variation in the size and morphology of both sex chromosomes. We analyzed individuals with different sex chromosome constitutions using 3 painting probes, 2 from Y chromosome variants and 1 from the small arm of the submetacentric X chromosome. Our comparative painting approach uncovered 12 variants of Y and 14 variants of X chromosomes, which demonstrates that the polymorphism of sex chromosomes is substantially larger than previously reported. We suggest that 2 main processes are responsible for this sex chromosome polymorphism: change of morphology from acrocentric to submetacentric or metacentric chromosomes and increase in size due to accumulation of repetitive DNA sequences, generating heterochromatic blocks. Strong genetic drift in small and fragmented populations of these 2 species could be related to the origin and maintenance of the large polymorphism of sex chromosomes. We proposed that a similar polymorphism variation combined with random drift fixing the biggest sex chromosomes could have occurred in the origin of some of the actual Microtus species with giant sex chromosomes.

scholarly journals Chromosomal Evolution in Mole Voles Ellobius (Cricetidae, Rodentia): Bizarre Sex Chromosomes, Variable Autosomes and Meiosis

Genes ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Matveevsky ◽  
Oxana Kolomiets ◽  
Alexey Bogdanov ◽  
Mikhayil Hakhverdyan ◽  
Irina Bakloushinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosomal Evolution

KARYOLOGY OF NORTH AMERICAN CROTALINE SNAKES (FAMILY VIPERIDAE) OF THE GENERA AGKISTRODON, SISTRURUS, AND CROTALUS

1973 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earl G. Zimmerman ◽  
C. William Kilpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
North American ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
The Family

The karyotypes of 10 species of crotaline snakes from three genera of the family Viperidae are described. All species were found to possess a diploid number of 36 with intergeneric differences involving at least two pairs of autosomes. More significant differences were found between the sex chromosomes with Agkistrodon piscivorous possessing a submetacentric W, A. contortrix possessing an acrocentric W, Sistrurus sp. possessing an acrocentric W, and all Crotalus sp. possessing a submetacentric or subtelocentric W. The chromosomal relationships of the genera are discussed in light of current thoughts on evolution in the Viperidae and chromosomal evolution in snakes.

Chromosomal Evolution in the Amolops mantzorum Species Group (Ranidae; Anura) Narrated by Repetitive DNAs

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Liu ◽  
Menghuan Song ◽  
Wei Luo ◽  
Yun Xia ◽  
Xiaomao Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Repetitive Dnas ◽  
Microsatellite Repeats ◽  
Heteromorphic Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
5S Rdna Sequence

In an attempt to analyze the organization of repetitive DNAs in the amphibian genome, 7 microsatellite motifs and a 5S rDNA sequence were synthesized and mapped in the karyotypes of 5 Amolops species. The results revealed nonrandom distribution of the microsatellite repeats, usually in the heterochromatic regions, as found in other organisms. These microsatellite repeats showed rapid changes among Amolops species, documenting the recent evolutionary history within this lineage. In contrast, 5S rDNA was localized in chromosomes 5 of all species, suggesting that these chromosomes are homologous within the monophyletic clade. Furthermore, the heteromorphic X and Y sex chromosomes (chromosomes 5) of A.mantzorum, had identical patterns of 5S rDNA, indicating that the subtelocentric Y resulted from a pericentric inversion. Several microsatellite repeats were found in the heteromorphic sex chromosomes, verifying the association of repetitive DNAs with sex chromosome differentiation in A. mantzorum.

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