Bare-ground surface heat and water exchanges under dry conditions: Observations and parameterization

1993 ◽  
Vol 66 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 173-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Braud ◽  
J. Noilhan ◽  
P. Bessemoulin ◽  
P. Mascart ◽  
R. Haverkamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Surface ◽  
Surface Heat ◽  
Bare Ground ◽  
Dry Conditions

Study on Grinding Machinability of Titanium Alloy Using SiC Abrasive

2011 ◽  
Vol 487 ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Giang Guo ◽  
X.H. Zheng ◽  
Z.Q. Liu ◽  
Qing Long An ◽  
Ming Chen
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Surface Topography ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Grinding Force ◽  
Grinding Forces ◽  
Grinding Mechanism ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Metallurgical Structure

Experimental results of Ti-6-2-4-2S, Ti-6-4 and Ti-5-5-5-1-1 are detailed in this paper with conventional surface grinding using SiC abrasive under dry conditions. Measurements of grinding forces, surface topography and metallurgical structure of ground surface were taken to investigate the grinding mechanism of these materials. The results showed grinding force ratios to these materials were between 1.35 to 2.25 at all material remove rates, but the specific energy to Ti-5-5-5-1-1 and Ti-6-2-4-2S were little higher than Ti-6-4. Evaluation of ground surface topography indicated they were visually free of crack and burn. At the same grinding parameters, Ti-5-5-5-1-1 had the maximum depth of heat-affected zone because of its poor high temperature properties.

scholarly journals Late Pleistocene–Holocene ground surface heat flux changes reconstructed from borehole temperature data (the Urals, Russia)

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Y. Demezhko ◽  
A. A. Gornostaeva
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Surface Heat Flux ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Surface Heat ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
The Urals ◽  
The Past ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentrations ◽  
Insolation Change ◽  
Borehole Temperature

Abstract. We use geothermal reconstruction of the ground surface temperature (GST) history early obtained in the Middle Urals to determine the surface heat flux (SHF) history over the past 35 kyr. A new algorithm of GST–SHF transformation was applied to solve this problem. The timescale of geothermal reconstructions has been corrected by comparing the estimated heat flux and annual insolation at the latitude of 60° N. The consistency of SHF and insolation changes on the interval 35–6 kyr BP with the linear correlation coefficient R = 0.99 points to orbital factors as the main cause of climatic changes during the Pleistocene–Holocene transition. The amplitude of SHF variations is about 1.3% of the insolation change amplitude. The increase of carbon dioxide concentrations lagged by 2–3 kyr from the SHF increase and occurred synchronously with GST changes.

scholarly journals Thermal environment mitigation effects in suburban area

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 06041
Author(s):  
Yoshihito Kurazumi ◽  
Emi Kondo ◽  
Kenta Fukagawa ◽  
Yoshiaki Yamato ◽  
Kunihito Tobita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Psychological Responses ◽  
Bare Ground ◽  
Indoor Space ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Outdoor Space ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the relationship between the physiological and psychological responses of the human body and the outdoor environment evaluation index ETFe (enhanced conductioncorrected modified effective temperature). The experiments were carried out in summer. For the measurements, observation points were selected with consideration for the condition of the ground surface such as bare ground where the surface is gravel or soil; paved ground such as concrete, asphalt or blocks; green areas covered in plants and water surfaces and with consideration for the condition of the sky factor due to buildings or trees. 19 observation points were chosen. Subjects were 38 healthy young. ETFe that was considered to report neither hot nor cold, thermally neutral sensation, was 30.6°C. ETFe that was considered to report neither comfortable nor uncomfortable comfort was 35.5°C. It was considered that the threshold for the human body with regards to thermal environment stimuli in an outdoor space is higher than the thermal environment stimuli in a summer indoor space.

The Surface Heat Balance in Simulations of Permafrost Behavior

1979 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 240-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Heat Balance ◽  
Thermal Protection ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Surface Heat ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
Thermal Protection Systems ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Soil Thermal Properties

This paper presents a surface heat balance simulator that models the complex heat-exchange mechanisms (e.g., radiation, convection) that govern the amount of heat flowing through the ground surface. It can be used integrally with a 2-D Permafrost Heat Transfer Program [6] to implicitly calculate ground surface temperatures based on climatic conditions, surface characteristics, and soil thermal properties. Thus it provides a rational means of predicting disturbed permafrost temperatures and of designing thermal protection systems to minimize thermal disturbances. The power of the surface simulator method is demonstrated by investigating thermal disturbances and various permafrost protection schemes for both arctic and subarctic conditions, and these demonstrations show some unique differences in permafrost thermal behavior in these two regimes.

scholarly journals Geothermal evidence of the Late Pleistocene-Holocene orbital forcing (example from the Urals, Russia)

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 3617-3629
Author(s):  
D. Y. Demezhko ◽  
A. A. Gornostaeva
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Surface Heat Flux ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Surface Heat ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
Orbital Forcing ◽  
The Urals ◽  
The Past ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentrations

Abstract. We use early obtained in the Middle Urals geothermal reconstruction of the ground surface temperature (GST) history to determine the surface heat flux (SHF) history over the past 35 kyr. A new algorithm of GST-SHF transformation was applied to solve this problem. The time scale of geothermal reconstructions has been corrected by comparing the estimated heat flux and annual insolation at the latitude of 60° N. The consistency of SHF and insolation changes on the interval 35–6 kyr BP (the linear correlation coefficient R = 0.99) points to orbital factors as the main cause of climatic changes during the Pleistocene–Holocene transition. The amplitude of SHF variations is about 1.3% of the insolation changes amplitude. The increase of carbon dioxide concentrations lagged by 2–3 kyr from the SHF increase and occurred synchronously with GST changes.

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