Effect of flare shape on the efficiency of heating the glass mass

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 502-504
Author(s):  
V. K. Orlov ◽  
V. I. Kirilenko
Keyword(s):  
Glass Mass

Measurement of Glass Corrosion in Boom Clay Disposal Conditions: First Results of the Experimental Programme 2000-2003 of SCK•CEN

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Lemmens ◽  
Marc Aertsens ◽  
Ve´ra Pirlet ◽  
Norbert Maes ◽  
Hugo Moors ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Dissolution Rate ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Glass Frit ◽  
Glass Mass ◽  
Boom Clay ◽  
Glass Dissolution ◽  
Mass Losses ◽  
Dissolution Behaviour ◽  
First Results

To estimate the lifetime of vitrified high level waste (HLW-glass) in Boom Clay disposal conditions, the dissolution behaviour of waste glass has been studied with experiments performed in surface laboratories and in the HADES underground research facility of SCK·CEN since 1980. We present the main topics and first results of the SCK·CEN programme 2000–2003. This programme focuses on the following items: (1) the diffusion/sorption/precipitation of silica in Boom clay or backfill clay, (2) demonstration of glass dissolution behaviour in realistic test conditions, (3) the effect of presaturation of the clay with silica, and (4) the estimation of near field concentrations of critical isotopes. The experiments have shown so far that Si, released by the glass, is effectively immobilized by Boom Clay, but it can nevertheless diffuse into the clay without immediately precipitating. The dissolution rate of glass SON68 and SM539 is determined in Boom Clay at in situ density and at 30°C (this is the long-term temperature expected near the waste glass packages in a Boom Clay repository). The dissolution rates, based on glass mass losses, are constant during the first year, at ∼ 0.010 g.m−2.day−1 for glass SON68 and ∼ 0.012 g.m−2.day−1 for glass SM539. The addition of glass frit causes a decrease of the glass dissolution rate, both with glass SON68 and SM539, and both in Boom Clay and in FoCa-clay. In FoCa-clay at high density with glass frit, the dissolution rates, based on glass mass losses, after 8 months at 30°C are ∼ 0.001 g.m−2.day−1 (SM539) and ∼0.005 g.m−2.day−1 (SON68). Because the experiments performed in Boom Clay and FoCa-clay with glass frit simulate realistic conditions (high clay density, low temperature), they can be used to estimate the maximum glass dissolution rate in a (Boom) clay repository. The corresponding minimum lifetime of a glass canister, calculated with the SCK·CEN code for lifetime predictions, is of the order of 105 to 106 years, if we neglect the internal glass surface area (due to cracking). In more diluted clay suspensions with glass frit, the glass dissolution rate is 10−4 to 10−5 g.m−2.day−1 or even zero. This would correspond to a lifetime of >>106 years. So far, there is no indication that the addition of glass frit leads to secondary phase formation at low temperature (30–40°C). Leach experiments with doped glasses SON68 and SM539 suggest that the maximum concentrations of most critical radionuclides in near field conditions are lower than the best estimate solubilities used for performance assessment studies in Boom Clay. For Se, relatively high concentrations were measured, though. The research programme for the underground laboratory is not discussed.

The effect of the conductive walls of the cooking furnace of an electric furnace on the distribution of energy flows

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
N. N. Shustrov ◽  
V. G. Puzach ◽  
S. A. Bezenkov
Keyword(s):  
Glass Melting ◽  
Melting Furnace ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Power Lines ◽  
Glass Mass ◽  
Thermal Processes ◽  
Industrial Furnace ◽  
Glass Melting Furnace ◽  
Energy Flows ◽  
Electric Glass

A method for modeling the electric glass melting process, which allows obtaining information about the unity of electric and thermal processes in the glass mass in an electric glass melting furnace has been developed. The furnace’s cooking pool is made of conductive chromoxide. The work was carried out using modeling on the EGDA integrator, as a result of which two versions of experimental electric furnaces with different directions of power lines and a pilot industrial furnace with a capacity of 7 tons per day for melting E glass, widely used in the manufacture of fiberglass, were built.

scholarly journals Influence of the increased content of Calumite blast-furnace slag on the melting of sodium–calcium–silicate glass

2019 ◽  
Vol 138 (6) ◽  
pp. 4571-4583
Author(s):  
Anna A. Kuśnierz ◽  
Magdalena Szumera ◽  
Magda Kosmal ◽  
Paweł Pichniarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Glass Mass ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Furnace Slag

Abstract A glass set with a high content of blast-furnace slag and a reduced amount of traditional raw materials requires optimization of the raw material composition and adjustment of its specificity to the temperature regime of melting, homogenizing and clarifying the glass mass. The introduction of an increased amount of blast-furnace slag allows to reduce the cost of raw materials: soda, limestone and high-class sand, reduce energy costs, whose consumption significantly decreases and reduces CO2 emissions in line with EU requirements. The tests of thermal analysis of a glass set with different contents of Calumite are aimed at learning the mechanism of its operation by determining the changes caused by its different presence in the course of subsequent reactions between the components of the glass set. Analysis of the influence of the addition of different Calumite slag contents treated as a substitute for the raw material on the melting process of glassware sets was analyzed. The tests were carried out using differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetry (TG) based on the model glass [mass%]: 73.0% SiO2, 1.0% Al2O3, 10.0% CaO, 2.0% MgO and 14.0% Na2O. The effect of combining Calumite with sulphate and multi-component fining agent—mixtures of As2O3, Sb2O3, NaNO3 in proportions of 1:1:1 for chemical reaction and phase transformation, was investigated.

Modeling liquids for studying the glass mass movement in tank furnaces

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 333-335
Author(s):  
N. N. Maksimov ◽  
V. I. Gribkova
Keyword(s):  
Mass Movement ◽  
Glass Mass

Preparation and properties of poly(ε-caprolactone)/bioactive glass nanofibre membranes for skin tissue engineering

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zefeng Lin ◽  
Wendong Gao ◽  
Limin Ma ◽  
Hong Xia ◽  
Weihan Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Skin Tissue ◽  
Glass Mass ◽  
Glass Composite ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Skin Tissue Engineering ◽  
Electrospun Nanofibres

Poly(ε-caprolactone) composite nanofibres for skin tissue engineering and regeneration applications were prepared via electrospinning of poly(ε-caprolactone) nanofibres with bioactive glass nanoparticles at bioactive glass contents of 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 wt%. The surface properties, water absorptivities, porosities, mechanical properties and biocompatibilities of the composite electrospun nanofibres were characterised in detail. Addition of bioactive glass improved the hydrophilicity and elastic modulus of membranes. The fibre diameter of the neat poly(ε-caprolactone) nanofibres was only 700 nm, but reinforcement with 2, 4, 6 and 8 wt% bioactive glass nanofibres increased the diameter to 1000, 1100, 900 and 800 nm, respectively. The minimum elongation at break of the bioactive glass–reinforced poly(ε-caprolactone) exceeded 100%, which indicated that the composite nanofibres had good mechanical properties. The porosities of the various nanofibres containing different mass loadings of bioactive glass all exceeded 90%. The best performance in terms of cell proliferation and adhesion was found when the bioactive glass mass percent reached 6 wt%. However, higher loadings were unfavourable for cell growth. These preliminary results indicate that poly(ε-caprolactone)/bioactive glass composite nanofibres have promise for skin tissue engineering applications.

Nature of the distribution of remelted glass mass in a glass ribbon

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 500-503
Author(s):  
N. A. Pankova ◽  
L. Ya. Levitin
Keyword(s):  
Glass Ribbon ◽  
Glass Mass

Uncertainty in the Surface Area of Crushed Glass in Rate Calculations

2015 ◽  
Vol 1744 ◽  
pp. 145-152
Author(s):  
William L. Ebert ◽  
Charles L. Crawford ◽  
Carol M. Jantzen
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Glass Mass ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Particle Size Distributions ◽  
Test Response ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Opposing Effects

ABSTRACTSeries of 7-day Product Consistency Tests (PCTs) were conducted with ARM-1 glass using the -100+200 mesh size fraction and several sub-fractions to measure the sensitivity of the test response to the distribution of particle sizes. Separate samples were prepared for testing by dry sieving and wet sieving, and the particle size distributions and PCT responses were measured for each fraction. Triplicate tests were conducted at 90 °C using a water/glass mass ratio of 10.0 with each size fraction. Test results are evaluated regarding the sensitivity of the test response to the particle size distributions and, conversely, the uncertainty due to calculating the surface areas (and dissolution rates) by modeling the particles as spheres. These analyses show the solution feedback effects of dissolved glass constituents (i.e., the reaction affinity) counteract the effects of the glass surface areas provided by different particle size distributions on the test response. The opposing effects of the surface area on the amount of glass dissolved and on the glass dissolution rate moderate the sensitivity of the PCT response to the particle size distribution.

Failure of cast iron in thermocyclic loading and in molten glass mass

1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 643-645
Author(s):  
I. P. Volchok ◽  
O. B. Kolotilkin
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Molten Glass ◽  
Glass Mass ◽  
Thermocyclic Loading
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