The synthesis of 4-(2,6,10-trimethyl-1,3,5,9-undecatetraenyl)benzoic acid based on alkoxy alkene-acetal condensation

1993 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 870-871
Author(s):  
G. V. Kryshtal' ◽  
G. M. Zhdankina ◽  
E. P. Serebryakov
ChemInform ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
G. V. KRYSHTAL' ◽  
G. M. ZHDANKINA ◽  
E. P. SEREBRYAKOV

Author(s):  
W. E. Lee

An optical waveguide consists of a several-micron wide channel with a slightly different index of refraction than the host substrate; light can be trapped in the channel by total internal reflection.Optical waveguides can be formed from single-crystal LiNbO3 using the proton exhange technique. In this technique, polished specimens are masked with polycrystal1ine chromium in such a way as to leave 3-13 μm wide channels. These are held in benzoic acid at 249°C for 5 minutes allowing protons to exchange for lithium ions within the channels causing an increase in the refractive index of the channel and creating the waveguide. Unfortunately, optical measurements often reveal a loss in waveguiding ability up to several weeks after exchange.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Georgousaki ◽  
N Tsafantakis ◽  
S Gumeni ◽  
V González-Menéndez ◽  
G Lambrinidis ◽  
...  

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