Spectral absorption by screening pigment granules in the compound eye of butterflies (Heliconius)

1972 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Langer ◽  
G. Struwe
Keyword(s):  
Compound Eye ◽  
Spectral Absorption ◽  
Pigment Granules ◽  
Screening Pigment

Spectral absorption by screening pigment granules in the compound eyes of a moth and a wasp

1970 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H�glund ◽  
H. Langer ◽  
G. Struwe ◽  
B. Thorell
Keyword(s):  
Compound Eyes ◽  
Spectral Absorption ◽  
Pigment Granules ◽  
Screening Pigment

Diurnal changes in retinula cell sensitivities and receptive fields (two-dimensional angular sensitivity functions) in the apposition eyes of Ligia exotica (Crustacea, Isopoda)

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Hariyama ◽  
V.B. Meyer-Rochow ◽  
T. Kawauchi ◽  
Y. Takaku ◽  
Y. Tsukahara
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Pigment Cells ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Angular Sensitivity ◽  
Pigment Granules ◽  
Screening Pigment ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Night And Day

The structural organization of the retinula cells in the eye of Ligia exotica changes diurnally. At night, the microvilli elongate, losing the regular and parallel alignment characteristic of the day condition. Crystalline cones and distal rhabdom tips are not pushed into each other during the day, but at night the rhabdoms protrude into the crystalline cones by up to 5 microm. Screening pigment granules in the retinula cells disperse during the night, but migrate radially towards the vicinity of the rhabdom during the day. No such displacements of the pigment granules of either distal or proximal screening pigment cells were observed. The sensitivity of the eye, monitored by electroretinogram (ERG) recordings, changes diurnally: values at midnight are, on average, 10 times those occurring during the day. However, intracellular recordings from single retinula cells (50 during the day and 50 at night) indicate that the difference between night and day sensitivities is only 2.5-fold. Two-dimensional angular sensitivity curves, indicative of a single unit's spatial sensitivity, had considerably less regular outlines at night than during the day. If based on the 50 % sensitivity level, day and night eyes possessed receptive fields of almost identical width (approximately 2 degrees), but if sensitivities below the 50 % limit were included, then receptive fields at night were significantly more extensive. We suggest that the morphological adaptations and diurnal changes in chromophore content seen in the apposition eye of L. exotica allow this animal to improve its photon capture at night while preserving at least some of the spatial resolving power characteristic of the light-adapted state. This would explain why this animal is capable of performing complex escape behaviours in the presence of predators both in bright and in very dim light.

A Peculiar Kind of Pigment Cell in the Compound Eye of Lepisma saccharina L. (Thysanura)

1973 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Elofsson
Keyword(s):  
Basal Lamina ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Compound Eye ◽  
Pigment Cell ◽  
Pigment Cells ◽  
Pigment Granules ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Lepisma Saccharina

AbstractThe ultrastructure of the primary pigment cells of the compound eye of Lepisma saccharina is described. The cells are four in number. The pigment granules are contained in fingerlike protrusions from the pigment cells. These protrusions project into the enlarged basal lamina surrounding the ommatidial top. The large basal lamina could have given the impression of a cell (called corneagen) in the light microscope.

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LIGHTING CONDITIONS ON FEEDING ACTIVITY AND EYE ADAPTATION OF POST LARVAE PENAEUS VANNAMEI

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (33) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noorsyarinah Sanudin ◽  
Audrey Daning Tuzan ◽  
Gunzo Kawamura ◽  
Annita Seok Kian Yong
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Penaeus Vannamei ◽  
Dark Condition ◽  
Clear Zone ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Pigment Granules ◽  
Screening Pigment ◽  
Dark Conditions

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of light and dark conditions on feeding activity and eye adaptations of post larvae (PL5, PL10, PL20 and PL30) Penaeus vannamei fed with frozen Artemia. Shrimp PL were placed individually in beakers and after acclimatization under the light or dark condition, PL were left to ingest known number of Artemia for 30 minutes. Thereafter, each PL was subsequently anesthetized by putting an ice cube into the beakers followed by adding few drops of paraformaldehyde. The results showed that the PL5 ingested significantly more frozen Artemia under light condition compared to dark condition (P<0.05). The eye structures of PL5 comprises of crystalline cone, rhabdom and fasciculated zone. However, it was incomplete due to the lack of clear zone and no migration of the screening pigment granules was observed under light and dark conditions. On the contrary, the number of frozen Artemia ingested by the latter stages PL10, PL20 and PL30 showed no significant differences (P>0.05) under both light conditions and these PL have complete eye structures with define clear zone. The width of clear zone was found to increase proportionally with the growth of the PL. Besides that, the screening pigment granules were able to migrate under light and dark conditions. The ability of the PL10, PL20 and PL30 to ingest almost similar numbers of Artemia under light and dark conditions suggests that different lighting conditions did not affect the feeding activity of the PL and other sensory organs may play roles in detecting food, while PL5 need light to improve their feeding activity. Based on these results, we suggest that in aquaculture practice, during the rearing of early stage of PL (<PL5), a brighter environment or light should be provided to enhance larval feeding activities. Whereas, later stages of PL (>PL10) can be cultured under any light condition.

Spectral sensitivity of screening pigment migration in the compound eye ofManduca sexta

1983 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. White ◽  
Mark J. Banister ◽  
Ruth R. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Sensitivity ◽  
Compound Eye ◽  
Screening Pigment ◽  
Pigment Migration

The morphology of the dorsal eye of the hydrothermal vent shrimp, Rimicaris exoculata

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 861-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. O'Neill ◽  
Robert N. Jinks ◽  
Erik D. Herzog ◽  
Barbara-Anne Battelle ◽  
Leonard Kass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Compound Eye ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Pigment Cells ◽  
Body Volume ◽  
Rimicaris Exoculata ◽  
Screening Pigment

AbstractThe bresiliid shrimp, Rimicaris exoculata, lives in large masses on the sides of hydrothermal vent chimneys at two sites on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Although essentially no daylight penetrates to depths of 3500 m, very dim light is emitted from the hydrothermal vents themselves. To exploit this light, R. exoculata has evolved a modified compound eye on its dorsal surface that occupies about 0.5% of the animal's body volume. The eye's morphology suggests that it is extremely sensitive to light. The cornea of the dorsal eye is smooth with no dioptric apparatus. The retina consists of two wing-shaped lobes that are fused across the midline anteriorly. The rhabdomeral segments of the 7000 ommatidia form a compact layer of photosensitive membrane with an entrance aperture of more than 26 mm2. Within this layer, the volume density of rhabdom is more than 70%. Below the rhabdomeral segments, a thick layer of white diffusing cells scatters light upward into the photoreceptors. The arhabdomeral segments of the five to seven photoreceptors of each ommatidium are mere strands of cytoplasm that expand to accommodate the photoreceptor nuclei. The rhabdom is comprised of well-organized arrays of microvilli, each with a cytoskeletal core. The rhabdomeral segment cytoplasm contains mitochondria, but little else. The perikaryon contains a band of mitochondria, but has only small amounts of endoplasmic reticulum. There is no ultrastructural indication of photosensitive membrane cycling in these photoreceptors. Vestigial screening pigment cells and screening pigment granules within the photoreceptors are both restricted to the inner surface of the layer of the white diffusing cells. Below the retina, photoreceptor axons converge in a fan-shaped array to enter the dorsal surface of the brain. The eye's size and structure are consistent with a role for vision in shrimp living at abyssal hydrothermal vents.

Adaptation in the Compound Eye and Interaction with Screening Pigment

1972 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-128
Author(s):  
U. YINON
Keyword(s):  
Dark Adaptation ◽  
Light Adaptation ◽  
Compound Eye ◽  
Electrical Response ◽  
Negative Potential ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Photochemical Process ◽  
Screening Pigment ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Adaptation Processes

The electroretinogram pattern in the compound eye of T. molitor and the appearance of irregular small potentials and spikes superimposed on the ERG are influenced during dark and light adaptation procedures. The amplitude of the principal negative potential reflects bleaching and recovery of the photochemical process. This is not true for the latency values. The delay of the electrical response increases in the dark and decreases in the light adapted eye. These changes were influenced by the intensity of the adapting light. Mutant eyes only lack screening pigment and have normal visual neural pathways. The absence of this pigment lowered the threshold sensitivity of the unscreened eye in dark adaptation. The difference between the adaptation processes in mutants and normal animals has been suggested as a criterion for measuring the net effect of the screening pigment in the compound eye.

Reversed Light Reaction of the Screening Pigment in a Compound Eye Induced by Noradrenaline

1987 ◽  
Vol 42 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 973-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achim Juse ◽  
Gunnar Höglund ◽  
Kurt Hamdorf
Keyword(s):  
Compound Eye ◽  
Local Application ◽  
Pigment Cells ◽  
Light Stimulation ◽  
Light Reaction ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Normal Dispersion ◽  
Screening Pigment ◽  
Pigment Migration ◽  
Deilephila Elpenor

Migration of the screening pigment in the compound eye of the sphingid moth Deilephila elpenor is altered by noradrenaline, as shown by microreflectometric measurements on eyes of intact moths and by transmission microscopy on preparations consisting of the screening pigment cells and dioptric structures. Local application of noradrenaline inverts the reaction of the pigment to light stimulation; light causes a contraction of the pigment instead of the normal dispersion. It is suggested that catecholamines are involved in the normal regulation of pigment migration.

Investigation of the Screening Pigment System in the Compound Eye of the Moth Agrotis segetum (fam. Noctuidae) by Visible Reflectometry

1987 ◽  
Vol 42 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 152-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trond Nordtug ◽  
Thor Bernt Melø
Keyword(s):  
Light Adaptation ◽  
Compound Eye ◽  
Extinction Spectrum ◽  
Light Extinction ◽  
Agrotis Segetum ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Reflection Spectroscopy ◽  
Screening Pigment ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
Superposition Eye

Abstract The functional properties of the light adaptation system in the superposition eye of the moth Agrotis segetum have been investigated by reflection spectroscopy. The spectrum of the reflected light from the tapetum of dark adapted eyes had a peak at about 580 nm corresponding to a spacing between the reflecting layers in the tapetum of 145 nm. During light adaptation of the eye the observed reflectance changes could be explained by light extinction in one screening pigment. The shape of the extinction spectrum of the screening was constant throughout the adaptation process and after a lag phase the optical density of the pigment in the light path increased linearly with time. The screening pigment caused light extinction both by absorption and to some degree also by scattering. The absorption spectrum of the screening pigment had a broad maximum about 590 nm and the scattering efficiency of the pigment particles seemed to be nearly independent of the wavelength.

scholarly journals Screening pigment of the camera eyes of stalkeyed mollusks (Pulmonata, Stylommatophora) with different light preferences

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
I. P. Shepeleva
Keyword(s):  
Electron Density ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Pigment Granules ◽  
Screening Pigment ◽  
Gastropod Mollusks

Morphological properties of the granules of the screening pigment in the retinae of camera eyes of gastropod mollusks with different light preferences were studied. It was demonstrated that the pigment granules of mollusks can differ by color and size but do not differ by structure, electron density and form. Light conditions of mollusks’ habitats can influence on the amount of the screening pigment, which in its turn does not affect resolving ability of the eyes.

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