Glass-crystal material in the RO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2 system with increased electrical conductivity

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-149
Author(s):  
S. I. Sil'vestrovich ◽  
E. V. Semenova
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Crystal Material ◽  
Glass Crystal ◽  
Glass Crystal Material

Electrophysical Characteristics of a Foam Glass Crystal Material

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 990-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. I. Suslyaev ◽  
O. V. Kazmina ◽  
B. S. Semukhin ◽  
Yu. P. Zemlyanukhin ◽  
M. A. Dushkina
Keyword(s):  
Foam Glass ◽  
Crystal Material ◽  
Glass Crystal ◽  
Glass Crystal Material

A new mechanically treated glass crystal material

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 286-290
Author(s):  
Z. G. Bezsmertnaya ◽  
A. A. Kishmishyan
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Material ◽  
Glass Crystal ◽  
Glass Crystal Material

Sub-Surface Cutting for Rapid Prototyping

2012 ◽  
Vol 479-481 ◽  
pp. 561-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Hua Chen ◽  
Jia Nan Lu
Keyword(s):  
Point Cloud ◽  
Laser Intensity ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Beam Quality ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
3D Image ◽  
High Laser ◽  
Diode Pumped ◽  
Glass Crystal ◽  
Glass Crystal Material

Subsurface engraving is the process of engraving an image inside a solid object, usually made of a transparent glass/crystal material. A diode-pumped solid-state (DPSS) laser with high beam quality and pulse power is normally used for subsurface engraving. The laser beam can be focused at any 3D point within a 3D envelope. At the focal point, due to high laser intensity, a small fracture or bubble is generated. The fractures can be as small as tens of microns. Currently, the image from subsurface engraving can only be seen, but not felt or touched. This has limited the applications of subsurface engraving to tourist souvenirs or artistic crafts. The authors propose that through some changes to the subsurface engraving process, it is feasible to separate the 3D image from the raw material block, and directly generate a 3D prototype that could not only be visualized, but also touched, or even used for subsequent design, or manufacturing processes. When generating the 3D point cloud, the points should be dense enough so that continuous cracks could be generated. It is expected that the cracks may form a gap, separating the image from the raw material block. In order to facilitate removal of the engraved image from the material block, the material portion that does not belong to the image is cut into small grids, such grids should be easily removed.

Removing Substrate Background in TEM Microanalysis

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 568-569
Author(s):  
John C. Russ ◽  
Nicholas C. Barbi
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Organic Film ◽  
Absolute Concentration ◽  
Background Signal ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
The Continuum

The rapid growth of interest in attaching energy-dispersive x-ray analysis systems to transmission electron microscopes has centered largely on microanalysis of biological specimens. These are frequently either embedded in plastic or supported by an organic film, which is of great importance as regards stability under the beam since it provides thermal and electrical conductivity from the specimen to the grid.Unfortunately, the supporting medium also produces continuum x-radiation or Bremsstrahlung, which is added to the x-ray spectrum from the sample. It is not difficult to separate the characteristic peaks from the elements in the specimen from the total continuum background, but sometimes it is also necessary to separate the continuum due to the sample from that due to the support. For instance, it is possible to compute relative elemental concentrations in the sample, without standards, based on the relative net characteristic elemental intensities without regard to background; but to calculate absolute concentration, it is necessary to use the background signal itself as a measure of the total excited specimen mass.

Macromolecular structures of biological specimens are not obscured by controlled osmium impregnation

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 606-607
Author(s):  
Klaus-Ruediger Peters ◽  
Samuel A. Green
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Metal Films ◽  
High Magnification ◽  
Osmium Impregnation ◽  
Instrumental Resolution ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
Continuous Metal

High magnification imaging of macromolecules on metal coated biological specimens is limited only by wet preparation procedures since recently obtained instrumental resolution allows visualization of topographic structures as smal l as 1-2 nm. Details of such dimensions may be visualized if continuous metal films with a thickness of 2 nm or less are applied. Such thin films give sufficient contrast in TEM as well as in SEM (SE-I image mode). The requisite increase in electrical conductivity for SEM of biological specimens is achieved through the use of ligand mediated wet osmiuum impregnation of the specimen before critical point (CP) drying. A commonly used ligand is thiocarbohvdrazide (TCH), first introduced to TEM for en block staining of lipids and glvcomacromolecules with osmium black. Now TCH is also used for SEM. However, after ligand mediated osinification nonspecific osmium black precipitates were often found obscuring surface details with large diffuse aggregates or with dense particular deposits, 2-20 nm in size. Thus, only low magnification work was considered possible after TCH appl ication.

Total Body Electrical Conductivity Measurements in the Neonate

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta L. Fiorotto ◽  
William J. Klish
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Conductivity Measurements ◽  
Total Body

Effect of MCl (M = Na, K) addition on microstructure and electrical conductivity of forsterite

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 10901
Author(s):  
Saloua El Asri ◽  
Hamid Ahamdane ◽  
Lahoucine Hajji ◽  
Mohamed El Hadri ◽  
Moulay Ahmed El Idrissi Raghni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Complex Impedance ◽  
Transmission Spectra ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
Cation Type ◽  
Edx Analyses ◽  
The Fourier Transform

Forsterite single phase powder Mg2SiO4 was synthesized by sol–gel method alongside with heat treatment, using two different cation alkaline salts MCl as mineralizers (M = Na, K) with various mass percentages (2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 wt.%). In this work, we report on the effect of the cation type and the added amount of used mineralizer on microstructure and electrical conductivity of Mg2SiO4. The formation of forsterite started at 680–740  °C and at 630–700  °C with KCl and NaCl respectively, as shown by TG-DTA and confirmed by XRD. Furthermore, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) transmission spectra indicated bands corresponding to vibrations of forsterite structure. The morphology and elemental composition of sintered ceramics were examined by SEM-EDX analyses, while their densities, which were measured by Archimedes method, increased with addition of both alkaline salts. The electrical measurements were performed by Complex Impedance Spectroscopy. The results showed that electrical conductivity increased with the addition of both mineralizers, which was higher for samples prepared with NaCl than those prepared with KCl.

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