Radioglucose metabolism by richardson's ground squirrels in the weight-gain and weight-loss phases of the circannual cycle

1985 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary L. Bintz
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Ground Squirrels

Effect of age and parity on weight gain and entry into hibernation in Richardson's ground squirrels

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 2573-2577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail R. Michener
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Delayed Entry ◽  
Spermophilus Richardsonii ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Effect Of Age

Weight gain and time of entry into hibernation were recorded for nonparous yearling, parous yearling, and parous 3-year-old Spermophilus richardsonii in southern Alberta in 1977. Nonparous squirrels steadily gained weight over the 12-week period between emergence from hibernation and immergence into hibernation. The weight pattern of parous squirrels exhibited a sub-cycle of weight gain, weight loss, and weight maintenance associated with pregnancy, parturition, and lactation resulting in delayed attainment of prehibernation peak weights and delayed entry into hibernation. There was no difference in time of emergence of parous and nonparous females in the subsequent spring. Age affected rates of post lactation weight gain such that the oldest mothers remained active longest but attained the lowest prehibernation weights. Oldest mothers had the lowest over-winter survival rate.

Estradiol phase-shifts circannual rhythms of golden-mantled ground squirrels

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (6) ◽  
pp. R1096-R1099
Author(s):  
T. M. Lee ◽  
I. Zucker
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Circannual Rhythm ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Pharmacological Manipulation ◽  
Spermophilus Lateralis ◽  
Peak Weight

Ovariectomized golden-mantled ground squirrels (Spermophilus lateralis) were implanted with estradiol benzoate (EB)-filled or empty capsules. Body weight was monitored for at least 1 yr before, during, and after hormone treatment. EB treatment of 6-7 mo duration, restricted to the weight-gain phase, decelerated weight gain and delayed attainment of peak weight by 34 days; the period of the circannual rhythm, measured between successive trough weights, was 36 days longer in squirrels treated with estradiol than in untreated animals. EB treatment of 2- to 4-mo duration, restricted to the weight-loss phase, accelerated weight loss, advanced attainment of trough weights by 57 days, and decreased the period of the circannual rhythm by 66 days. Estradiol-induced phase delays and advances were preserved in the year after discontinuation of hormone treatment. These results favor the existence of circannual phase-response curves to hormones and provide a system for pharmacological manipulation of circannual rhythms.

Weight gain causes weight loss

Nature ◽  
2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Whitfield
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Gain

scholarly journals Managing Obesity in Lockdown: Survey of Health Behaviors and Telemedicine

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1359
Author(s):  
Noga C Minsky ◽  
Dafna Pachter ◽  
Galia Zacay ◽  
Naama Chishlevitz ◽  
Miriam Ben-Hamo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Eating Patterns ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Exercise Habits ◽  
Prevent Weight Gain ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

Since the outbreak of COVID-19, billions of people have gone into lockdown, facing pandemic related challenges that engender weight gain, especially in the obese. We report the results of an online survey, conducted during Israel’s first quarantine, of 279 adults treated in hospital-based obesity clinics with counseling, medications, surgery, endoscopic procedures, or any combination of these for weight loss. In this study, we assessed the association between changes in dietary and lifestyle habits and body weight, and the benefits of receiving weight management care remotely through telemedicine during lockdown. Compared to patients not receiving obesity care via telemedicine, patients receiving this care were more likely to lose weight (OR, 2.79; p = 0.042) and also to increase participation in exercise (OR, 2.4; p = 0.022). While 40% of respondents reported consuming more sweet or salty processed snacks and 33% reported less vegetables and fruits, 65% reported more homemade foods. At the same time, 40% of respondents reported a reduction in exercise and 52% reported a decline in mood. Alterations in these eating patterns, as well as in exercise habits and mood, were significantly associated with weight changes. This study highlights that lockdown affects health behaviors associated with weight change, and advocates for the use of telemedicine to provide ongoing obesity care during future quarantines in order to promote weight loss and prevent weight gain.

scholarly journals Depression-related weight change and incident diabetes in a community sample

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Graham ◽  
Tristan Watson ◽  
Sonya S. Deschênes ◽  
Kristian B. Filion ◽  
Mélanie Henderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractThis cohort study aimed to compare the incidence of type 2 diabetes in adults with depression-related weight gain, depression-related weight loss, depression with no weight change, and no depression. The study sample included 59,315 community-dwelling adults in Ontario, Canada. Depression-related weight change in the past 12 months was measured using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview—Short Form. Participants were followed for up to 20 years using administrative health data. Cox proportional hazards models compared the incidence of type 2 diabetes in adults with depression-related weight change and in adults with no depression. Adults with depression-related weight gain had an increased risk of type 2 diabetes compared to adults no depression (HR 1.70, 95% CI 1.32–2.20), adults with depression-related weight loss (HR 1.62, 95% CI 1.09–2.42), and adults with depression with no weight change (HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.03–1.86). Adults with depression with no weight change also had an increased risk of type 2 diabetes compared to those with no depression (HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.04–1.45). Associations were stronger among women and persisted after adjusting for attained overweight and obesity. Identifying symptoms of weight change in depression may aid in identifying adults at higher risk of type 2 diabetes and in developing tailored prevention strategies.

scholarly journals Weight Cycling in Women: Adaptation or Risk?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katelyn J. Carey ◽  
Wendy Vitek
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Surrogate Markers ◽  
Weight Cycling ◽  
Gut Peptides

AbstractObesity, dieting, and weight cycling are common among reproductive-age women. Weight cycling refers to intentional weight loss followed by unintentional weight regain. Weight loss is accompanied by changes in gut peptides, adipose hormones, and energy expenditure that promote weight regain to a tightly regulated set point. While weight loss can improve body composition and surrogate markers of cardiometabolic health, it is hypothesized that the weight regain can result in an overshoot effect, resulting in excess weight gain, altered body composition, and negative effects on surrogate markers of cardiometabolic health. Numerous observational studies have examined the association of weight cycling and health outcomes. There appears to be modest association between weight cycling with type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia in women, but no association with hypertension, cardiovascular events, and overall cancer risk. Interestingly, mild weight cycling may be associated with a decreased risk of overall and cardiovascular mortality. Little is known about the effects of weight cycling in the preconception period. Although obesity and weight gain are associated with pregnancy complications, preconception weight loss does not appear to mitigate the risk of most pregnancy complications related to obesity. Research on preconception weight cycling may provide insight into this paradox.

Insulin and central regulation of spontaneous fattening and weight loss

1985 ◽  
Vol 249 (2) ◽  
pp. R203-R208
Author(s):  
R. B. Melnyk ◽  
J. M. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Insulin Receptors ◽  
Insulin Binding ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Central Regulation ◽  
Isolated Pancreatic Islets

Insulin binding to receptors in a partially purified hypothalamic membrane preparation is altered by prolonged starvation. To define further the relationship between hypothalamic insulin binding and energy balance, we studied the Richardson's ground squirrel, a hibernator that exhibits spontaneous 6- to 8-mo body weight cycles when kept in constant conditions. Isolated pancreatic islets from squirrels killed during the weight gain phase had greater glucose-stimulated insulin secretion than those from weight loss phase animals, and adipocytes showed significantly greater glucose incorporation into total lipid in response to insulin. Differences in lipogenesis were not attributable to changes in insulin-binding capacity. Hypothalamic tissue from weight gain phase animals bound more insulin than that from weight loss phase animals. Maximal binding was correlated with pancreatic islet responsiveness and maximal insulin-stimulated lipogenesis. The strong positive correlation between peripheral metabolic events associated with spontaneous alterations in energy balance and the binding kinetics of hypothalamic insulin receptors suggests that insulin may play an important role in the central regulation of body weight.

MO704THE PROGNOSTIC IMPACT OF WEIGHT GAIN AFTER PERITONEAL DIALYSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Win Hlaing Than ◽  
Jack K C Ng ◽  
Gordon C K Chan ◽  
Winston Fung ◽  
Cheuk Chun Szeto
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Patient Survival ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Technique Survival ◽  
Technique Failure

Abstract Background and Aims The prevalence of obesity has increased over the past decade in patients with End Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD). Obesity at the initiation of peritoneal dialysis (PD) was reported to adversely affect clinical outcomes. However, there are few studies on the prognostic relevance of weight gain after PD. Method We reviewed the change in body weight of 954 consecutive PD patients from the initiation of dialysis to 2 years after they remained on PD. Clinical outcomes including patient survival, technique survival, and peritonitis rate in the subsequent two years were reviewed. Results The mean age was 60.3 ± 12.2 years; 535 patients (56.1%) were men and 504 (52.8%) had diabetes. After the first 2 years on PD, the average change in body weight was 1.2± 5.1 kg; their body weight was 63.0 ± 13.3 kg; body mass index (BMI) 24.4 ± 4.4 kg/m2. The patient survival rates in the subsequent two years were 64.9%, 75.0%, and 78.9% (log rank test, p = 0.008) for patients with weight loss ≥3 kg during the first 2 years of PD weight change between -3 and +3 kg, and weight gain ≥3 kg, respectively. The corresponding technique survival rates in the subsequent two years were 93.1%, 90.1%, 91.3%, respectively (p = 0.110), and the peritonitis rates were 0.7±1.5, 0.6±1.7, and 0.6±1.1 episodes per patient-year, respectively (p = 0.3). When the actual BMI after the first 2 years of PD was categorized into underweight, normal weight, marginal overweight, overweight, and obesity groups, the patient survival rates in the subsequent two years were 77.3%, 75.2%, 73.3%, 74.3%, and 75.9%, respectively (p= 0.005), and technique survival 98.0%, 91.9%, 88.0%, 92.8%, and 81.0%, respectively (p= 0.001). After adjusting for confounding clinical factors by multivariate Cox regression models, weight gain ≥ 3kg during the first 2 years of PD was an independent protective factor for technique failure (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] 0.049; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.004-0.554, p = 0.015), but was an adverse predictor of patient survival (AHR 2.338, 95%CI 1.149-4.757, p = 0.019). In contrast, weight loss ≥ 3kg during the first 2 years of PD did not predict subsequent patient or technique survival. Conclusion Weight gain during the first 2 years of PD confers a significant risk of subsequent mortality but appears to be associated with a lower risk of technique failure. The mechanism of this discordant risk prediction deserves further study.

Growth and seasonal weight changes as they relate to spring and autumn set points in mule deer

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 744-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyle A. Renecker ◽  
W. M. Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Mule Deer ◽  
Odocoileus Hemionus ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Annual Cycles ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Compensatory Gain ◽  
Highly Correlated

Growth rate and potential, 25 hand-reared mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus) were examined. When possible, body weights of all animals were recorded weekly. Female deer matured faster than males, but males attained a larger body size. Regressions of winter weight loss of both sexes on peak autumn weight were highly correlated. Similarly, spring and summer compensatory gain in females could be predicted from the minimum spring weight. Annual cycles of intake and weight gain may have adaptations that improve reproductive success and winter survival.

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