Chinese whip scorpion using 2-ketones in defense secretion (Arachnida: Uropygi)

1988 ◽  
Vol 157 (6) ◽  
pp. 883-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Haupt ◽  
Gerhard H�hne ◽  
Helmut Schwarz ◽  
Baoshan Chen ◽  
Wenbao Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Defense Secretion

A novel enolic β-ketoaldehyde in the defense secretion of the termite

1980 ◽  
Vol 21 (52) ◽  
pp. 5001-5002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn D. Prestwich ◽  
Margaret S. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Defense Secretion

Minor diterpene components of the defense secretion from the frontal gland of soldiers of the species Nasutitermes costalis (HOLMGREN)

1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 2024-2039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Valterová ◽  
Miloš Buděšínský ◽  
František Tureček ◽  
Jan Vrkoč
Keyword(s):  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Mass Spectral Fragmentation ◽  
Stable Conformation ◽  
Relative Configuration ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Defense Secretion ◽  
Alternative Structures ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Nasutitermes Costalis ◽  
Hydroxy Groups

Three minor components of the defense secretion from soldiers of the species Nasutermes costalis (HOLMGREN) have been isolated and characterized by means of spectral methods. The first component was identified as 1(15),8(19)-trinervitadien-9β-ol (III), known to occur with the subfamily Nasutitermitinae. For the second component two alternative structures IVa, IVb have been tentatively suggested, both with the 7,16-secotrinervitane skeleton. The third component was determined as 5β,9β-diacetoxy-2-oxo-11(12)kempen-20-oic acid (VII). The kempene skeleton was established on the basis of the 13C NMR spectrum and mass spectral fragmentation of the acid methyl ester. The relative configuration, together with a probable conformation of the tetracyclic framework were determined by 1H NMR. Two major tricyclic components, 1(15),8(19)-trinervitadien-2α,3β-diol (I) and 1(15),8(19)-trinervitadien-2α,3α-diol (II), were further characterized as mono and diacetates. Different rates of acetylation of the hydroxy groups in these diols provided evidence of stable conformation of the six-membered ring within the trinervitane skeleton.

Pavoninins: Shark-Repelling Ichthyotoxins from the Defense Secretion of the Pacific Sole

Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 226 (4675) ◽  
pp. 703-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. TACHIBANA ◽  
M. SAKAITANAI ◽  
K. NAKANISHI
Keyword(s):  
Defense Secretion ◽  
The Pacific

Melittin-Like Peptides from the Shark-Repelling Defense Secretion of the Sole Pardachirus pavoninus

Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 233 (4761) ◽  
pp. 341-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. THOMPSON ◽  
K. TACHIBANA ◽  
K. NAKANISHI ◽  
I. KUBOTA
Keyword(s):  
Defense Secretion

scholarly journals Functional Morphology of Secretion by the Large Wax Glands (Sensilla Sagittiformia) Involved in Tick Defense

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay A. Yoder ◽  
Joshua B. Benoit ◽  
Megan R. Bundy ◽  
Brian Z. Hedges ◽  
Kevin M. Gribbins
Keyword(s):  
Functional Morphology ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
Defense Secretion ◽  
Glandular Organ ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cellular Components ◽  
Cuticular Surface

Ticks are protected against ants by release of an allomonal defense secretion from the large wax glands (or type 2 glands) that line their bodies. To explore how the large wax glands operate, before and after microscopic observations of these glands (nonsecreted versus secreted test groups), mass determinations were made forRhipicephalus sanguineusthat had been exhausted of secretion by repeated leg pinching to simulate attack by a predator. Prior to secretion, the glandular organ is fully intact histologically and matches thesensillum sagittiforme, a key taxonomic structure described in the 1940s. The large wax gland is innervated and responds to pressure stimulation as a proprioceptor that stimulates the secretory response. Histological observations after secretion has occurred show that the entire glandular contents and associated cells are jettisoned out of the gland like a syringe. The glandular cellular components are subsequently rebuilt by underlying hypodermal cells within a few days so that secretion can take place again. Presumably, the active allomonal ingredients (hydrocarbons) are released when these derived epidermal cells reach and burst onto the cuticular surface. Our conclusion is that the large wax glands are holocrine and feature intermittent regeneration.

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