Tissue specific isozymes of glutamate dehydrogenase from the Japanese beetle,Popillia japonica: Catabolic vs anabolic GDH's

1983 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith B. Male ◽  
Kenneth B. Storey
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Popillia Japonica ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Tissue Specific

scholarly journals The nature and control of the tricarboxylate cycle in beetle flight muscle

1975 ◽  
Vol 148 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
R G Hansford ◽  
R N Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Malic Enzyme ◽  
Flight Muscle ◽  
Popillia Japonica ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Coa Thioesters ◽  
And Control ◽  
Tricarboxylate Cycle

The only exogenous substrates oxidized by mitochondria isolated from the flight muscle of the Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica) are proline, pyruvate and glycerol 3-phosphate. The highest rate of oxygen consumption is obtained with proline. The oxidation of proline leads to the production of more NH3 than alanine, indicating a functioning glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.2). Studies of mitochondrial extracts confirm the presence of a very active glutamate dehydrogenase, and this enzyme is found to be activated by ADP and inhibited by ATP. These extracts also show high alanine aminotransferase activity (EC 2.6.1.2) and a uniquely active “malic’ enzyme (EC 1.1.1.39). The “malic’ enzyme is activated by succinate and inhibited by ATP and by pyruvate. It is suggested that the input of tricarboxylate-cycle intermediate from proline oxidation is balanced by the formation of pyruvate from malate, and the complete oxidation of the majority of the pyruvate. Studies of the steady-state concentrations of mitochondrial CoASH and CoA thioesters during proline oxidation show a high succinyl (3-carboxypropionyl)-CoA content which falls on activating respiration with ADP. There is a concomitant rise in CoASH. However, the reverse transition, from state-3 to state-4 respiration, causes only very slight changes in acylation. The reasons for this are discussed. Studies of the mitochondrial content of glutamate, 2-oxoglutarate, malate, pyruvate, citrate and isocitrate during the same phases of proline oxidation give results consistent with control at the level of glutamate dehydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase during proline oxidation, with the possibility of further control at “malic’ enzyme. During the oxidation of pyruvate all of the tricarboxylate-cycle intermediates and NAD(P)H follow the pattern of changes described in the blowfly (Johnson & Hansford, 1975; Hansford, 1974) and isocitrate dehydrogenase is identified as the primary site of control.?2OAuthor

scholarly journals Mechanics-based analysis of selected features of the exoskeletal microstructure of Popillia japonica

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 3253-3267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Cheng ◽  
Liyun Wang ◽  
Anette M. Karlsson
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Fiber Orientation ◽  
Fracture Resistance ◽  
Interfacial Strength ◽  
Maximum Tensile Stress ◽  
Popillia Japonica ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Mechanical Responses ◽  
Helicoidal Structure

We explore key mechanical responses of the layered microstructure found in selected parts of the exoskeletons (pronotum, leg and elytron) of Popillia japonica (Japanese beetle). Image analyses of exoskeleton cross-sections reveal four distinct layered regions. The load-bearing inner three regions (exocuticle, mesocuticle, and endocuticle) consist of multiple chitin-protein layers, in which chitin fibers align in parallel. The exocuticle and mesocuticle have a helicoidal structure, where the stacking sequence is characterized by a gradual rotation of the fiber orientation. The endocuticle has a pseudo-orthogonal structure, where two orthogonal layers are joined by a thin helicoidal region. The mechanics-based analyses suggest that, compared with the conventional cross-ply structure, the pseudo-orthogonal configuration reduces the maximum tensile stress over the exoskeleton cross-section and increases the interfacial fracture resistance. The coexistence of the pseudo-orthogonal and helicoidal structures reveals a competition between the in-plane isotropy and the interfacial strength in nature’s design of the biocomposite.

POPILLIA JAPONICA (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE): DISTRIBUTION AND MOVEMENT OF ADULTS IN HETEROGENEOUS ENVIRONMENTS

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Régnière ◽  
Robert L. Rabb ◽  
R. E. Stinner
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Popillia Japonica ◽  
Heterogeneous Environments ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Feeding Sites ◽  
Marginal Production ◽  
Adult Feeding ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Eastern North Carolina

AbstractAdult Japanese beetle populations were sampled continuously during the summers of 1978 and 1979 in two agricultural stations in eastern North Carolina. Patterns in trap capture were used to develop a conceptual model of the movements of this insect in agricultural areas. A partition of land area is proposed, based on four categories of sites from the point of view of suitability to this insect's reproduction and survival: (1) intensive production sites, (2) marginal production sites, (3) migration alleys, and (4) adult feeding sites. This partition is suggested as a framework for discussion and study of the population dynamics of the insect.

scholarly journals Effects of Fine-Mesh Exclusion Netting on Pests of Blackberry

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Kuesel ◽  
Delia Scott Hicks ◽  
Kendall Archer ◽  
Amber Sciligo ◽  
Ricardo Bessin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Popillia Japonica ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Insecticide Treatment ◽  
Fine Mesh ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Organically Managed ◽  
Insecticide Sprays

Fine-mesh exclusion netting is a potential alternative to organic and conventional insecticide application to control numerous pests of fruit crops. We tested whether fine-mesh exclusion netting would reduce pest abundance and increase marketable yield compared to organic spinosad insecticide sprays in an organically managed blackberry field. At the completion of flowering, we covered blackberry rows (N = 3) with fine-mesh exclusion netting (ProtekNet) and treated alternating rows (N = 3) with an organic spinosad insecticide (Entrust™). Fine-mesh exclusion reduced green June beetle (Cotinus nitida Linnaeus) and bird presence and marginally reduced Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newman) presence on blackberry canes compared to organic spinosad insecticide treatment. Exclusion netting reduced the capture of spotted-wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii Matsumara; SWD) in baited traps in the fourth week of exclusion, and reduced the overall number of SWD adults emerging from harvested blackberry fruits. Marketable yield in the fine-mesh exclusion treatments was two times higher than the organic spinosad insecticide treatment. These results suggest that fine-mesh exclusion netting is a functional pest control alternative to organic insecticide treatment.

scholarly journals Japanese beetle feeding and survival on apple fruits

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evaldo Martins Pires ◽  
Robert Lee Koch
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Response ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Popillia Japonica ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Soybean Leaves ◽  
Apple Fruits ◽  
Economic Damages

Popillia japonica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), Japanese beetle, is a polyphagous pest of many crops. In these crops, including apple, it acts primarily as a defoliator, causing economic damages. The objectives were to determine the ability of P. japonica to injury fruits of SweeTango variety apples and the suitability of apple fruits as a food source for this beetle. Popillia japonica was not able to injure the surface of intact fruits, which means that it is not a primary pest for apple fruits. The lifespan of the beetles when fed soybean leaves or apple with exposed endocarp was similar. Observations of the feces of the beetles suggest a potential physiological response due the change of food from soybean leaves to apple fruits. Therefore, we can conclude that the adults should not be considered as primary pests of apple fruits; however, they may act as secondary pests if the endocarp of the fruits is exposed by some other agent.  

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