Morphological and immunohistochemical studies of the central nervous system involvement in papovavirus K infection in mice

1988 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ikeda ◽  
K. Dörries ◽  
V. ter Meulen
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
System Involvement ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies

scholarly journals Signs and Symptoms of Central Nervous System Involvement and Their Pathogenesis in COVID-19 According to The Clinical Data (Review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 65-77
Author(s):  
N. V. Tsygan ◽  
A. P. Trashkov ◽  
A. V. Ryabtsev ◽  
V. A. Yakovleva ◽  
A. L. Konevega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Nervous Tissue ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Altered Level ◽  
System Involvement ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Detailed clinical assessment of the central nervous system involvement in SARS-CoV-2 infection is relevant due to the low specificity of neurological manifestations, the complexity of evaluation of patient complaints, reduced awareness of the existing spectrum of neurological manifestations of COVID-19, as well as low yield of the neurological imaging.The aim. To reveal the patterns of central nervous system involvement in COVID-19 and its pathogenesis based on clinical data.Among more than 200 primary literature sources from various databases (Scopus, Web of Science, RSCI, etc.), 80 sources were selected for evaluation, of them 72 were published in the recent years (2016-2020). The criteria for exclusion of sources were low relevance and outdated information.The clinical manifestations of central nervous system involvement in COVID-19 include smell (5-98% of cases) and taste disorders (6-89%), dysphonia (28%), dysphagia (19%), consciousness disorders (3-53%), headache (0-70%), dizziness (0-20%), and, in less than 3% of cases, visual impairment, hearing impairment, ataxia, seizures, stroke. Analysis of the literature data revealed the following significant mechanisms of the effects of highly contagious coronaviruses (including SARS-CoV-2) on the central nervous system: neurodegeneration (including cytokine- induced); cerebral thrombosis and thromboembolism; damage to the neurovascular unit; immune-mediated damage of nervous tissue, resulting in infection and allergy-induced demyelination.The neurological signs and symptoms seen in COVID-19 such as headache, dizziness, impaired smell and taste, altered level of consciousness, bulbar disorders (dysphagia, dysphonia) have been examined. Accordingly, we discussed the possible routes of SARS-CoV-2 entry into the central nervous system and the mechanisms of nervous tissue damage.Based on the literature analysis, a high frequency and variability of central nervous system manifestations of COVID-19 were revealed, and an important role of vascular brain damage and neurodegeneration in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 was highlighted.

scholarly journals Granulomatosis with polyangitis (Wegener’s) and central nervous system involvement: Case report

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Tomic-Lucic ◽  
Mirjana Veselinovic ◽  
Suzana Pantovic ◽  
Dejan Petrovic ◽  
Sandra Zivanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody ◽  
Pulse Therapy ◽  
Organ Involvement ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
System Involvement ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cyclophosphamide Pulse

Introduction. Granulomatosis with polyangitis (Wegener?s) is an antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (PR3-ANCA)-associated vasculitis, which commonly involves the upper and lower respiratory tracts and kidneys. Central nervous system involvement is reported in less than 11%, and rarely present at onset. Case Outline. We report the case of a 41-year-old male patient with a high disease activity, large organ involvement, as well as central nervous system manifestations presented at onset. Treatment with intravenous pulse methylprednisolone, followed by the pulsed doses of cyclophosphamide was induced. After 6 months of cyclophosphamide pulse therapy a remission was achieved. Next, azathioprine was used for maintenance during the next 18 months. There were no disease flares during 24-month follow-up. Conclusion. Granulomatosis with polyangitis (Wegener?s) with large organ involvement, affecting the central nervous system structures require a rapid diagnosis and intensive medication treatment in order to prevent or reduce irreversible damage. Our experience confirms the findings reported in the literature that the severe forms of the disease are associated with increased probability of achieving remission, which reflects increased responsiveness of such patients to immunosuppressant therapy.

CRYPTOCOCCOSIS (TORULOSIS) IN CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-400
Author(s):  
C. M. F. Siewers ◽  
Henry G. Cramblett
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Pulmonary Involvement ◽  
System Involvement ◽  
Unexplained Fever ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Four cases of disseminated cryptococcosis in children are reported, two of whom had cryptococcosis without involvement of the central nervous system. All but one patient, a child with leukemia, survived. Two of the survivors were treated with amphotericin B intravenously, while one child recovered after long-term sulfadiazine therapy. Cryptococcosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of disease in children with unexplained fever, lymphadenopathay, hepatosplenomegaly, or pulmonary involvement. Central nervous system involvement is not invariably present, and can be prevented if therapy with amphotericin B is instituted early. The necessity of appropriate and repeated fungal cultures is emphasized.

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