Electron microscopic observations of rat medullary reticular tissue after short-term, whole body gamma irradiation

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald F. Dodson
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Reticular Tissue

Short-term Effects of Whole-Body Vibration on Functional Mobility and Flexibility in Healthy, Older Adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taishi Tsuji ◽  
Naruki Kitano ◽  
Kenji Tsunoda ◽  
Erika Himori ◽  
Tomohiro Okura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Functional Mobility ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Body Vibration ◽  
Short Term Effects

Influence of short-term dexfenfluramine therapy on glucose and lipid metabolism in obese non-diabetic patients

1993 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per H Andersen ◽  
Bjørn Richelsen ◽  
Jens Bak ◽  
Ole Schmitz ◽  
Niels S Sørensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism

In a short-term (eight days) double-blind crossover study involving 10 obese patients, the effects of dexfenfluramine on glucose and lipid metabolism were examined. The protocol comprised whole body in vivo measurements (hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp in combination with indirect calorimetry) and in vitro studies of isolated adipocytes (lipolysis and glucose transport). All study participants were weight stable during the study period (103.1±3.2, placebo vs 103.3±3.1 kg, dexfenfluramine, NS). The following parameters were significantly reduced after dexfenfluramine treatment: fasting levels of plasma glucose (6.2±0.2 vs 5.7±0.2 mmol/l, p<0.01), serum insulin (168.0±14.5 vs 138.9±7.9 pmol/l, p<0.05), serum C-peptide (0.68±0.03 vs 0.58±0.02 nmol/l, p<0.05) and total serum cholesterol (6.07±0.41 vs 5.48±0.38 mmol/l, p< 0.01). In the basal state glucose oxidation rate was significantly reduced by 36% (p<0.001), whereas non-oxidative glucose disposal was significantly increased by 41% (p<0.01), following dexfenfluramine treatment. Insulin-stimulated (2 mU·kg−1·min−1) glucose disposal rate tended to be increased (18%, p=0.10) after dexfenfluramine. In conclusion, dexfenfluramine possesses beneficial regulatory effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in non-diabetic obese patients, independently of weight loss.

Regulation of skeletal muscle energy/nutrient-sensing pathways during metabolic adaptation to fasting in healthy humans

2014 ◽  
Vol 307 (10) ◽  
pp. E885-E895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjolein A. Wijngaarden ◽  
Leontine E. H. Bakker ◽  
Gerard C. van der Zon ◽  
Peter A. C. 't Hoen ◽  
Ko Willems van Dijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Nutrient Sensing ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Protein Kinase Activity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Muscle Energy

During fasting, rapid metabolic adaptations are required to maintain energy homeostasis. This occurs by a coordinated regulation of energy/nutrient-sensing pathways leading to transcriptional activation and repression of specific sets of genes. The aim of the study was to investigate how short-term fasting affects whole body energy homeostasis and skeletal muscle energy/nutrient-sensing pathways and transcriptome in humans. For this purpose, 12 young healthy men were studied during a 24-h fast. Whole body glucose/lipid oxidation rates were determined by indirect calorimetry, and blood and skeletal muscle biopsies were collected and analyzed at baseline and after 10 and 24 h of fasting. As expected, fasting induced a time-dependent decrease in plasma insulin and leptin levels, whereas levels of ketone bodies and free fatty acids increased. This was associated with a metabolic shift from glucose toward lipid oxidation. At the molecular level, activation of the protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) and mammalian target of rapamycin pathways was time-dependently reduced in skeletal muscle during fasting, whereas the AMP-activated protein kinase activity remained unaffected. Furthermore, we report some changes in the phosphorylation and/or content of forkhead protein 1, sirtuin 1, and class IIa histone deacetylase 4, suggesting that these pathways might be involved in the transcriptional adaptation to fasting. Finally, transcriptome profiling identified genes that were significantly regulated by fasting in skeletal muscle at both early and late time points. Collectively, our study provides a comprehensive map of the main energy/nutrient-sensing pathways and transcriptomic changes during short-term adaptation to fasting in human skeletal muscle.

scholarly journals Lactoferrin beneficially influences the recovery of physiological and behavioral indexes in mice exposed to acute gamma-irradiation

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
М.Ю. Копаева ◽  
И.Б. Алчинова ◽  
М.В. Нестеренко ◽  
А.Б. Черепов ◽  
И.Ю. Зарайская ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Sublethal Dose ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Compensatory Effect

Целью настоящей работы стало исследование эффектов лактоферрина (Лф) человека у мышей после острого гамма-облучения в сублетальной дозе. Методы. Исследование было проведено на 2-2,5-месячных самцах мышей линии C57Bl/6. Животные из экспериментальных групп были подвергнуты общему воздействию гамма-излучения в дозе 7,5 Гр. Сразу после облучения и повторно через 24 часа после него часть животных получила инъекцию Лф (внутрибрюшинно, 4 мг на животное). Было изучено влияние Лф на выживаемость и среднюю продолжительность жизни мышей. Для оценки общей двигательной и исследовательской активности использовали тест «Открытое поле». Результаты. Введение Лф позволило увеличить выживаемость и среднюю продолжительность жизни облученных мышей в течение эксперимента. Происходила более быстрая нормализация динамики изменения массы тела. Кроме того, Лф оказал компенсаторное действие на исследовательскую активность облученных животных. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of human lactoferrin (Lf) in mice exposed to acute gamma-irradiation at a sublethal dose. Methods. C57Вl/6 2-2.5-month-old male mice were used for the experiments. Animals from experimental groups were exposed to whole-body gamma-radiation at a dose of 7.5 Gy. Some animals received an intraperitoneal injection of Lf (4 mg per animal) immediately and then at 24 hours after the irradiation. The effect of Lf on survival rate and life span was studied. The open field test was used to assess locomotor and research activity. Results. The Lf administration increased the survival rate and life span of irradiated mice during the experiment. The dynamics of body weight normalized faster. In addition, Lf exerted a compensatory effect on the research activity of irradiated animals.

scholarly journals Effect of Clodronate Alone or In Combination with Vitamin E on Demineralization Induced By Whole Body Gamma Irradiation in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Heba Gheita ◽  
Walaa Elsabbagh ◽  
Rania Abdelsalam ◽  
Amina Attia ◽  
Mona El-Ghazaly
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Whole Body
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