Gauge invariance, lorentz covariance and the observer

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 467-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egon Marx
Keyword(s):  
Gauge Invariance ◽  
Lorentz Covariance

scholarly journals Gauge Invariance, Lorentz Covariance and Canonical Quantization in Nucleon Structure Studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (6-9) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Wang ◽  
C. W. Wong ◽  
X. S. Chen ◽  
W. M. Sun ◽  
P. M. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Gauge Invariance ◽  
Canonical Quantization ◽  
Nucleon Structure ◽  
Lorentz Covariance

LORENTZ-COVARIANT AND GAUGE-INVARIANT INSTANTANEOUS VACUUM FOR EXTERNAL FIELD PROBLEMS

1994 ◽  
Vol 09 (07) ◽  
pp. 1025-1041
Author(s):  
A. Z. CAPRI ◽  
S. M. ROY
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
External Field ◽  
Gauge Invariance ◽  
External Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Dirac Field ◽  
Spacelike Surface ◽  
Bogoliubov Transformation ◽  
Gauge Invariant ◽  
Lorentz Covariance

For a Dirac field coupled to time-dependent external electromagnetic field we define an instantaneous (on a fixed spacelike surface) causal vacuum respecting Lorentz covariance and gauge invariance. The instantaneous particle states on this surface are then defined covariantly and connected to states at another time by a Bogoliubov transformation.

scholarly journals Gauge invariance, polar coordinates and inflation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Akil ◽  
Xi Tong
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Effective Potential ◽  
Gauge Invariance ◽  
Polar Coordinates ◽  
Quantum Corrections ◽  
Background Current ◽  
Gauge Invariant ◽  
Gauge Dependence ◽  
Current Term ◽  
Invariant Current

Abstract We point out the necessity of resolving the apparent gauge dependence in the quantum corrections of cosmological observables for Higgs-like inflation models. We highlight the fact that this gauge dependence is due to the use of an asymmetric background current which is specific to a choice of coordinate system in the scalar manifold. Favoring simplicity over complexity, we further propose a practical shortcut to gauge-independent inflationary observables by using effective potential obtained from a polar-like background current choice. We demonstrate this shortcut for several explicit examples and present a gauge-independent prediction of inflationary observables in the Abelian Higgs model. Furthermore, with Nielsen’s gauge dependence identities, we show that for any theory to all orders, a gauge-invariant current term gives a gauge-independent effective potential and thus gauge-invariant inflationary observables.

scholarly journals A master exceptional field theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Bossard ◽  
Axel Kleinschmidt ◽  
Ergin Sezgin
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Gauge Invariance ◽  
Sigma Model ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Field Theories ◽  
Gauge Invariant ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Non Linear Equations

Abstract We construct a pseudo-Lagrangian that is invariant under rigid E11 and transforms as a density under E11 generalised diffeomorphisms. The gauge-invariance requires the use of a section condition studied in previous work on E11 exceptional field theory and the inclusion of constrained fields that transform in an indecomposable E11-representation together with the E11 coset fields. We show that, in combination with gauge-invariant and E11-invariant duality equations, this pseudo-Lagrangian reduces to the bosonic sector of non-linear eleven-dimensional supergravity for one choice of solution to the section condi- tion. For another choice, we reobtain the E8 exceptional field theory and conjecture that our pseudo-Lagrangian and duality equations produce all exceptional field theories with maximal supersymmetry in any dimension. We also describe how the theory entails non-linear equations for higher dual fields, including the dual graviton in eleven dimensions. Furthermore, we speculate on the relation to the E10 sigma model.

scholarly journals All-plus helicity off-shell gauge invariant multigluon amplitudes at one loop

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Etienne Blanco ◽  
Andreas van Hameren ◽  
Piotr Kotko ◽  
Krzysztof Kutak
Keyword(s):  
Scattering Amplitudes ◽  
Gauge Invariance ◽  
Arbitrary Number ◽  
Gauge Invariant

Abstract We calculate one loop scattering amplitudes for arbitrary number of positive helicity on-shell gluons and one off-shell gluon treated within the quasi-multi Regge kinematics. The result is fully gauge invariant and possesses the correct on-shell limit. Our method is based on embedding the off-shell process, together with contributions needed to retain gauge invariance, in a bigger fully on-shell process with auxiliary quark or gluon line.

scholarly journals Monopole fluctuation of the CMB and its gauge invariance

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Baumgartner ◽  
Jaiyul Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Gauge Invariance

GAUGE INVARIANCE AND CONSTRAINTS: OPEN GAUGE ALGEBRAS

1992 ◽  
Vol 07 (22) ◽  
pp. 5549-5561 ◽  
Author(s):  
KH. S. NIROV ◽  
P.N. PYATOV ◽  
A.V. RAZUMOV
Keyword(s):  
Wide Class ◽  
Gauge Invariance ◽  
Poisson Brackets ◽  
Hamiltonian Description ◽  
Gauge Invariant

For a wide class of gauge-invariant systems with open gauge algebras the Hamiltonian description is constructed and the Poisson brackets of the constraints are calculated. It is shown that in the case under consideration there arise only first class constraints.

A quantization of the electromagnetic field

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 1172-1183
Author(s):  
Anton Z. Capri ◽  
Gebhard Grübl ◽  
Randy Kobes
Keyword(s):  
Hilbert Space ◽  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Gauge Invariance ◽  
Free Field ◽  
External Source ◽  
Field Level ◽  
Manifest Covariance ◽  
The One ◽  
Physical Spaces

Quantization of the electromagnetic field in a class of covariant gauges is performed on a positive metric Hilbert space. Although losing manifest covariance, we find at the free field level the existence of two physical spaces where Poincaré transformations are implemented unitarily. This gives rise to two different physical interpretations of the theory. Unitarity of the S operator for an interaction with an external source then forces one to postulate that a restricted gauge invariance must hold. This singles out one interpretation, the one where two transverse photons are physical.

Gauge invariance and fermion mass dimensions

1980 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1113-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Elias
Keyword(s):  
Gauge Invariance ◽  
Fermion Mass
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