Hardening bath with auxiliary equipment for automatic heat treatment of grinding balls

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
V. P. Chatskii ◽  
V. I. Mollyari ◽  
A. F. Kostenko ◽  
R. Vodyannikov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Auxiliary Equipment ◽  
Grinding Balls ◽  
Automatic Heat

Automatic heat treatment inspection

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
K. J. Law Engineers Inc
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Automatic Heat

Automatic heat treatment lines for bearing races

1964 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 527-530
Author(s):  
A. S. Borodachev
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Automatic Heat

Finite Element Simulation and Optimisation of Ageing Precipitation in Nickel Base Superalloys with a Low Gamma-Prime (g’) Volume Fraction

2011 ◽  
Vol 172-174 ◽  
pp. 881-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franck Tancret ◽  
Philippe Guillemet ◽  
Florent Fournier Dit Chabert ◽  
René Le Gall ◽  
Jean François Castagné
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Thermodynamic Quantities ◽  
Gamma Prime ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Element Approach ◽  
Automatic Heat ◽  
Nickel Base

A finite element approach is used to simulate the precipitation of Ni3(Al,Ti) intermetallics in nickel-based superalloys containing a low volume fraction of spherical g’ precipitates, in which precipitation occurs following nucleation and growth mechanisms. Classical differential equations of nucleation and growth are implemented in the software Comsol (formerly Femlab), to compute the number of precipitates per unit volume and their mean size. Another originality of the model is the use of thermodynamic quantities coming from phase diagram computations (Thermo-Calc), like the temperature variation of the equilibrium g’ volume fraction, and the evolution of the concentration of g’ forming elements (Al, Ti) in the matrix with the volume fraction of precipitates. Once adjusted to experiment in the case of isothermal ageings, the model can be used to simulate precipitation during complex thermal histories. Finally, automatic heat treatment optimisation procedures are proposed and tested, which can reduce heat treatment times by a factor of more than five.

COMPUTER SIMULATION OF HEAT TREATMENT PROCESS OF GRINDING BALLS

Metallurg ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
A.A. Sidorov ◽  
A.A. Semenov ◽  
I.E. Lanovenko ◽  
I.K. Galim’yanov ◽  
R.A. Il’inykh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Heat Treatment Process ◽  
Grinding Balls

Mathematical Model for the Residual Stresses Induced during the Heat Treatment of Grinding Balls

2003 ◽  
Vol 426-432 ◽  
pp. 3933-3938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Camurri ◽  
Ana García ◽  
D. Rodríguez ◽  
P. Cañete
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Grinding Balls

Effect of Heat Treatment on the Hardness and Wear of Grinding Balls

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 297-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahraoui Aissat ◽  
Abdelhamid Sadeddine ◽  
Mohand Amokrane Bradai ◽  
Rassim Younes ◽  
Ali Bilek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Grinding Balls

Temperature Distribution, Phase Transformations and Residual Stresses in Heat Treatment of Grinding Balls

2007 ◽  
Vol 539-543 ◽  
pp. 2234-2239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Camurri ◽  
C. Carrasco ◽  
Jean Dille
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Radial Distribution ◽  
Equilibrium Equations ◽  
Grinding Balls ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Distribution Phase ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Force Equilibrium

The goal of this work is to model the temperature distribution, phase transformation and residual stresses induced during the heat treatment of 3 and 5 inches diameter grinding balls. In the first step, the radial distribution of temperature inside the balls was calculated and validated experimentally. During the quenching, the model considers factors such as the heating of the water and the formation of a steam layer that surrounds the balls in the beginning of the treatment. In a second step, with the temperature distribution, the CCT curves of the steel and the Koistinen- Marburger equation, the radial distribution of martensite was determined during the heat treatment. Finally, in the third step, the residual stresses field was modeled considering the temperature distribution, the force equilibrium equations and the constitutive thermo-elastic relationships, where the expansion due to the austenite – martensite transformation was included. In the temperature distribution, a good experimental-theoretical agreement was obtained, with differences at the end of the quenching no higher than 0,5 %. Respect to the residual stresses, the model indicates that the maximum tensile values occur at certain depth below the surface of the balls and the experimental evidence of the behavior of the balls in a mill simulator, as well as the measured residual stresses by means of DRX shows an acceptable agreement with the theoretical predictions.

Residual stress during heat treatment of steel grinding balls

2008 ◽  
Vol 208 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 450-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Camurri ◽  
C. Carrasco ◽  
J. Dille
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Residual Stress ◽  
Grinding Balls

scholarly journals INCREASING VOLUME HARDNESS OF STEEL GRINDING BALLS USING Q-n-P HEAT TREATMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (2(74)) ◽  
pp. 103-113
Author(s):  
V. I. Zurnadzhy ◽  
V. G. Efremenko ◽  
E. V. Dunaev ◽  
A. Lekatou ◽  
R. A. Kussa
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Grinding Balls
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