Valence state of dopant chromium ions in calcium-gallium-germanium garnet crystals

1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 413-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Nosenko ◽  
L. V. Kostyk
Keyword(s):  
Valence State ◽  
Chromium Ions

Valence state and X-ray photoelectron 2p spectra of chromium ions in the La1–x Sr x CrO3 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5) system

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-333
Author(s):  
A. T. Kozakov ◽  
A. G. Kochur ◽  
A. V. Nikolskii ◽  
I. P. Raevskii
Keyword(s):  
Valence State ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chromium Ions

scholarly journals Determination of chromium valence state in the CaO–SiO2–FeO–MgO–CrOx system by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 351-356
Author(s):  
Deman Liu ◽  
Jiang Diao ◽  
Yiyu Qiu ◽  
Guang Wang ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Binding Energy ◽  
Oxygen Pressure ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Valence State ◽  
Slag Basicity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chromium Ions ◽  
Valence States

AbstractThe chromium valence states in the CaO–SiO2–FeO–MgO–CrOx system were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicated that the XPS peaks of Cr 2p3/2 and Cr 2p1/2 locate at the binding energy of ∼577 and ∼586 eV, respectively. There are three kinds of chromium ions such as bivalent Cr(ii), trivalent Cr(iii), and hexavalent Cr(vi) in the CaO–SiO2–FeO–MgO–CrOx slag. Cr(iii) is the dominant valence state, and more than 77.99% Cr is trivalent Cr(iii). The fraction of Cr(ii)/Cr is in the range of 11.24–17.22%. The fraction of Cr(vi)/Cr is below 4.80%. The fraction of Cr(ii)/Cr decreases with increasing slag basicity, Cr2O3 content, temperature, or oxygen pressure log(PO2), while the fraction of Cr(iii)/Cr increases with increasing basicity, Cr2O3 content, temperature, or oxygen pressure. The trend of change is opposite. Low log(PO2), high Cr2O3 content, and high temperature are beneficial to reduce the toxic hexavalent Cr(vi). The slag basicity has little influence on the fraction of Cr(vi)/Cr.

MgO-codoping-induced change in the site distribution and valence state of chromium ions in LiNbO3

1997 ◽  
Vol 72-74 ◽  
pp. 177-178
Author(s):  
J. Díaz-Caro ◽  
J. García-Solé ◽  
H. Murrieta ◽  
F. Jaque
Keyword(s):  
Valence State ◽  
Chromium Ions ◽  
Site Distribution

Valence state analysis of elements by EPMA and its application

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-231
Author(s):  
Chen Liqing ◽  
Liu Zuqin ◽  
Zhang Wei
Keyword(s):  
Valence State ◽  
Line Intensities ◽  
Valence States ◽  
Valence Electrons ◽  
Fe And Mn ◽  
Intensity Ratios ◽  
State Analysis

Valence state analyses of Fe and Mn in oxides by EPMA have been reported in literature. In this paper, the effects of valence state on intensity ratios ILα/IKα and ILα/ILβ of Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Cr and their oxides, and on intensity ratios ILβ2/ILα1 and ILγ1/ILα1 of Mo, Nb, Zr and their oxides were studied. It was observed that intensity ratios change with valence states in accordance with some regularities, and these effects could be utilized for analyzing the valence states of catalysts.Valence state analysis of elements by EPMA is based on the fact that changes in the states of valence electrons in the outer shells of an atom cause corresponding changes in line intensities. The M electrons of Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Cr and the N electrons of Mo, Nb, Zr are valence electrons. Line Kα1,2 and six lines of L are produced from the transitions of K-L2,3 and L-M or L-N respectively.

Theory for the mixed-valence state

1979 ◽  
Vol 40 (C5) ◽  
pp. C5-374-C5-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Varma
Keyword(s):  
Valence State ◽  
Mixed Valence ◽  
Mixed Valence State

MIXED VALENCE STATE OF Sm ON THE SURFACE OF AMORPHOUS La80-xSmxAu20 ALLOYS

1980 ◽  
Vol 41 (C8) ◽  
pp. C8-799-C8-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Krill ◽  
A. Amamou ◽  
A. Berrada ◽  
J. Durand ◽  
N. Hassanain
Keyword(s):  
Valence State ◽  
Mixed Valence ◽  
Mixed Valence State

Tc-99m Labeled Complexes of Aldehydes and Glutamate as Cholescintigraphic Agents

1975 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
pp. 330-338
Author(s):  
L. G. Colombetti ◽  
J. S. Arnold ◽  
W. E. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Rose Bengal ◽  
Valence State ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Scintillation Camera ◽  
Blood Clearance ◽  
Lower Valence ◽  
Wire Basket

SummaryTc-99m pyridoxylidene glutamate has proven to be an excellent biliary scanning agent, far superior in many respect to the commonly used 1-131 rose bengal. The preparation of the compound as previously reported by Baker et al is too time consuming and requires the use of an autoclave which is not available in most nuclear medicine departments. In our facility, we have been preparing similar compounds using several aldehydes and monosodium glutamate to make labeled complexes having the same pharmacological characteristics. The mixture of monosodium glutamate, aldehyde, and Tc-99m pertechnetate is made slightly alkaline, purged with helium, and placed in a sealed vial. The vial, which is protected by a wire basket, is then heated in a laboratory oven at 130° C for a period of 15 to 20 minutes. During this time, the technetium is reduced to a lower valence state and bound to the complex formed. Chromatographic data show that these compounds are chemically similar to that previously reported. The compounds prepared concentrate in the gall bladder of the rabbit in less than 10 minutes. Kinetic studies have been performed on dogs with a scintillation camera and small digital computer to measure rates of blood clearance, liver and gall bladder uptake, and excretion into the intestine. The aldehyde — glutamate complex promises to be a useful scanning agent for the diagnosis of biliary and hepatocellular diseases.

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