Effect of preoptic lesions on behavioral thermoregulation of green sunfish, Lepomis cyanellus, and of goldfish, Carassius auratus

1979 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. O. Nelson ◽  
C. Ladd Prosser
Keyword(s):  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Behavioral Thermoregulation ◽  
Lepomis Cyanellus ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Green Sunfish

Influence of Appearance of Prey and Satiation of Predator on Food Selection by Northern Pike (Esox lucius)

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel W. Coble
Keyword(s):  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Fathead Minnow ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Northern Pike ◽  
Esox Lucius ◽  
Lepomis Cyanellus ◽  
Pike Esox Lucius ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Green Sunfish

Northern pike (Esox lucius) were put in tanks with fantail and regular-tail goldfish (Carassius auratus) or with goldfish of different colors. Physical appearance of prey did not affect the pike’s feeding. In experiments in plastic pools four species of fish were exposed to predation by northern pike that were satiated or deprived of food for either 2 or 4 weeks. The pike always selected carp (Cyprinus carpio) and fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) over green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) and bluegill (L. macrochirus).

Effective loci and roles of acetylcholine in temperature regulation of goldfish

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (3) ◽  
pp. R596-R601
Author(s):  
L. I. Crawshaw ◽  
L. P. Wollmuth
Keyword(s):  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Behavioral Thermoregulation ◽  
Cholinergic Stimulation ◽  
Cholinergic Mechanisms ◽  
Ventral Telencephalon ◽  
Anterior Nucleus ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Dose Dependent Decrease ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Effective Site

Microinjections of acetylcholine (ACh) and carbachol were made into discrete forebrain loci in goldfish (Carassius auratus) to evaluate the importance of cholinergic mechanisms for behavioral thermoregulation. Injections of 5, 10, 25, and 50 micrograms ACh into the far anterior nucleus preopticus periventricularis (NPP) (R. Peter and V. Gill. J. Comp. Neurol. 159: 69-102, 1975) and immediately adjacent ventral telencephalon led to consistent dose-dependent decrease in selected temperature. No effect was observed following injections of 2 micrograms ACh or 0.7% NaCl. Injections of ACh into a different portion of the ventral telencephalon led to increases in the selected temperature. Lower doses of carbachol (0.5 and 1.0 micrograms) injected into the NPP produced decreases in selected temperature similar to the highest doses of ACh. Injections of ACh into loci other than those mentioned above either had no thermoregulatory effect or had lesser thermoregulatory effects which, in comparison with injections into the most effective sites, were inconsistent and required larger doses to obtain. The site where cholinergic stimulation led to decreases in the selected temperature exactly overlapped the effective site of ethanol hypothermia in the goldfish.

Thermoregulatory effects of intracranial norepinephrine injections in goldfish

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (6) ◽  
pp. R821-R826 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. P. Wollmuth ◽  
L. I. Crawshaw ◽  
H. Panayiotides-Djaferis
Keyword(s):  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Thermal Gradient ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Behavioral Thermoregulation ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Anterior Aspect ◽  
Intraventricular Injections ◽  
Site Of Action ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Selection Of

Cannulas were implanted into forebrain loci of goldfish (Carassius auratus; 45-90 g) to determine the effects and site of action of intracranial norepinephrine (NE) injections on behavioral thermoregulation. Following 30 min in a thermal gradient, implanted fish were injected with norepinephrine-bitartrate salt (2.5-500 ng NE) in 0.2 microliter 0.7% NaCl. Injections of 5, 10, 25, and 50 ng NE into the anterior aspect of the nucleus preopticus periventricularis (NPP, Ref. 25) led to consistent dose-dependent decreases in selected temperature (Tsel). No effect on Tsel was observed following injections of 2.5 ng NE or control injections of 100 ng tartaric acid. The effects of injections into other loci, including intraventricular injections, were dependent on the dose and proximity to the anterior NPP; at sites adjacent to the anterior NPP, larger doses were required, and the effects became inconsistent. At sites further removed, no effect on Tsel was observed. Included in this category were more caudal sites within the NPP and the nucleus preopticus. We postulate that in fish the anterior NPP is an important locus for thermoregulatory integration and that increased release of NE in this area leads to the selection of cooler water.

Temperature Acclimation and the Nervous System in Fish

1962 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
BETTY I. ROOTS ◽  
C. LADD PROSSER
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Conditioned Inhibition ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Conditioned Avoidance ◽  
Temperature Acclimation ◽  
Blocking Temperature ◽  
Lepomis Cyanellus ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Green Sunfish

1. The cold-blocking temperature of a simple reflex in goldfish (Carassius auratus) and bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus) was 10,° 5° and 1° C. respectively for fish acclimated to 35°, 25°, and 15° C. The response of 5° C. fish was not blocked at 1° C. 2. Similar results were obtained with goldfish in which the spinal cord had been cut immediately posterior to the medulla. 3. Conditioned inhibition of respiration in goldfish acclimatized to 30°, 25°, 15° and 5° C. was blocked at 20°, 15°, 10° and 1° C. respectively. 4. A conditioned avoidance response of goldfish acclimated to 25° C. was blocked at 15° C. 5. The cruising speed of green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) is related to the ambient temperature, and the upper and lower temperatures at which they do not swim are related to their thermal history. 6. Peripheral nerves of bluegills and green sunfish acclimated to 25° C. continued to conduct impulses at temperatures below 5° C. 7. It is concluded that the site of cold-block is in the central nervous system.

SEM of Hepatocytes and Biliary Passages in Goldfish Liver

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 556-557
Author(s):  
Waykin Nopanitaya ◽  
Joe W. Grisham ◽  
Johnny L. Carson
Keyword(s):  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Biliary System ◽  
Fish Food ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Commercial Fish Food

An interesting feature of the goldfish liver is the morphology of the hepatic plate, which is always formed by a two-cell layer of hepatocytes. Hepatic plates of the goldfish liver contain an infrequently seen second type of cell, in the centers of plates between two hepatocytes. A TEH study by Yamamoto (1) demonstrated ultrastructural differences between hepatocytes and centrally located cells in hepatic plates; the latter were classified as ductule cells of the biliary system. None of the previous studies clearly showed a three-dimensional organization of the two cell types described. In the present investigation we utilize SEM to elucidate the arrangement of hepatocytes and bile ductular cells in intralobular plates of goldfish liver.Livers from young goldfish (Carassius auratus), about 6-10 cm, fed commercial fish food were used for this study. Hepatic samples were fixed in 4% buffered paraformaldehyde, cut into pieces, fractured, osmicated, CPD, mounted Au-Pd coated, and viewed by SEM at 17-20 kV. Our observations were confined to the ultrastructure of biliary passages within intralobular plates, ductule cells, and hepatocytes.

Morphometric Analysis of the Hepatocytes from Fish Exposed to Arsenic

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 282-283
Author(s):  
Elsie M. B. Sorensen
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Sodium Arsenate ◽  
Lepomis Cyanellus ◽  
Mammalian Counterpart ◽  
Intracellular Changes ◽  
Green Sunfish ◽  
Organic Pesticides

The detoxification capacity of the liver is well documented for a variety of substances including ethanol, organic pesticides, drugs, and metals. The piscean liver, although less enzymatically active than the mammalian counterpart (1), contains endoplasmic reticulum with an impressive repertoire of oxidizing, reducing, and conjugating abilities (2). Histopathologic changes are kncwn to occur in fish hepatocytes following in vivo exposure to arsenic (3); however, ultrastructural changes have not been reported. This study involved the morphometric analysis of intracellular changes in fish parynchymal hepatocytes and correlation with arsenic concentration in the liver.Green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus, R.) were exposed to 0, 30, or 60 ppm arsenic (as sodium arsenate) at 20°C for 1, 2, or 3 week intervals before removal of livers for quantification of the arsenic burden (using neutron activation analysis) and morphometric analysis of ultrastructural alterations. Livers were cut into 1 mm cubes for fixation, dehydration, and embedding.

Stereological Analyses of Hepatocyte Ultrastructure Monitor Arsenic Liver Burdens

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 442-443
Author(s):  
E. M. B. Sorensen ◽  
R. R. Mitchell ◽  
L. L. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Drainage System ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Hepatocyte Ultrastructure ◽  
Lepomis Cyanellus ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Activation Data ◽  
Water Analyses ◽  
Municipal Lake ◽  
Green Sunfish

Endemic freshwater teleosts were collected from a portion of the Navosota River drainage system which had been inadvertently contaminated with arsenic wastes from a firm manufacturing arsenical pesticides and herbicides. At the time of collection these fish were exposed to a concentration of 13.6 ppm arsenic in the water; levels ranged from 1.0 to 20.0 ppm during the four-month period prior. Scale annuli counts and prior water analyses indicated that these fish had been exposed for a lifetime. Neutron activation data showed that Lepomis cyanellus (green sunfish) had accumulated from 6.1 to 64.2 ppm arsenic in the liver, which is the major detoxification organ in arsenic poisoning. Examination of livers for ultrastructural changes revealed the presence of electron dense bodies and large numbers of autophagic vacuoles (AV) and necrotic bodies (NB) (1), as previously observed in this same species following laboratory exposures to sodium arsenate (2). In addition, abnormal lysosomes (AL), necrotic areas (NA), proliferated rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), and fibrous bodies (FB) were observed. In order to assess whether the extent of these cellular changes was related to the concentration of arsenic in the liver, stereological measurements of the volume and surface densities of changes were compared with levels of arsenic in the livers of fish from both Municipal Lake and an area known to contain no detectable level of arsenic.

Induction of Gynogenesis and Androgenesis in Goldfish Carassius auratus (var. oranda)

2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 195-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Paschos ◽  
L Natsis ◽  
C Nathanailides ◽  
I Kagalou ◽  
E Kolettas
Keyword(s):  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus
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