Modulation of transmission at an electrical synapse in the locust movement detector system

1980 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Fraser Rowell ◽  
Michael O'Shea
Keyword(s):  
Detector System ◽  
Electrical Synapse ◽  
Movement Detector

Evaluation of reproducibility of a vessel wall movement detector system for assessment of large artery properties

1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 610-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J F Kool ◽  
T v. Merode ◽  
R S Reneman ◽  
A P G Hoeks ◽  
H A J S. Boudier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Detector System ◽  
Movement Detector ◽  
Large Artery ◽  
Wall Movement

New ocular movement detector system as a communication tool in ventilator-assisted Werdnig–Hoffmann disease

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (01) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaya Kubota ◽  
Yoichi Sakakihara ◽  
Yoshiaki Uchiyama ◽  
Atsushi Nara ◽  
Tsutomu Nagata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detector System ◽  
Movement Detector ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
Ocular Movement ◽  
Werdnig Hoffmann

Neuronal basis of a sensory analyser, the acridid movement detector system. III. Control of response amplitude by tonic lateral inhibition

1976 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-625
Author(s):  
C. H. Fraser Rowell ◽  
M. O'Shea
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Lateral Inhibition ◽  
Optic Lobe ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Test Area ◽  
Detector System ◽  
Movement Detector ◽  
Field Change ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Small Areas

1. The Lobular Giant Movement Detector neurone (LGMD) of Schistocerca responds with spikes when small areas of the visual field change in luminance. Previous work has shown that changes of +/− 1 log 10 unit are enough to produce maximal ON and OFF responses. 2. Using a 5 degree test area, it is shown that the number of spikes generated by such a stimulus depends on the luminance of the surrounding area. When the surround is dark, the response is maximal; when it is brightly lit, the response is minimal. Intermediate intensities produce intermediate values of response. A X 2 change in response is produced by about 3 log 10 units change in surround intensity. 3. A bright annulus, with diameters of 10-5 degrees and 25-8 degrees, inhibits both ON and OFF responses when concentric with the 5 degree test area, but not when it is 30 degrees eccentric to the test area. The inhibitory effect shows no decrease after 4 min. 4. These results are interpreted to indicate a tonic lateral inhibitory network, sited peripherally in the optic lobe prior to the divergence of the separate ON and OFF channels found in the projection from the medulla to the LGMD. It is probably identical with that described for the lamina by previous workers.

scholarly journals The neuronal basis of a sensory analyser, the acridid movement detector system. I. Effects of simple incremental and decremental stimuli in light and dark adapted animals

1976 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-288
Author(s):  
C. H. Rowell ◽  
M. O'shea
Keyword(s):  
Dark Adaptation ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Light Adaptation ◽  
Test Area ◽  
Detector System ◽  
Retinula Cell ◽  
Movement Detector ◽  
Contralateral Movement ◽  
Adaptation Action

1. The response of the movement detector (MD) system to proportionally constant incremental and decremental stimuli has been studied at various degrees of light and dark adaptation. Action potentials in the descending contralateral movement detector neurone were taken as the indicator of response. 2. Over a range of at least six log10 units of adapting luminance, the MD system behaves as an ON/OFF unit, giving responses to both incremental and decremental changes in the illumination of a 5 degrees target. 3. With increasing amplitudes of stimuli, both the ON and OFF responses saturate rapidly. Saturation is reached sooner at higher levels of light adaptation. At all levels of light adaptation, the OFF response is greater than the ON. The ratio for saturating stimuli is approximately constant at around 3:2. 4. At the brightest adapting luminances used (20 000 cd/m2) the ON response is reduced but not lost. At the lowest (0–004 cd/m2) the OFF response to a 5 degrees disc fails, but can be regained by increasing the test area to 10 degrees. 5. From what is known of the retina of locusts and other insects, it is thought that light and dark adaptation in the MD system can be adequately explained by events at the retinula cell.

scholarly journals New ocular movement detector system as a communication tool in ventilator-assisted Werdnig-Hoffmann disease

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
Masaya Kubota ◽  
Yoichi Sakakihara ◽  
Yoshiaki Uchiyama ◽  
Atsushi Nara ◽  
Tsutomu Nagata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detector System ◽  
Movement Detector ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
Ocular Movement ◽  
Werdnig Hoffmann

Imaging and diffraction modes in Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 684-687
Author(s):  
J. M. Cowley ◽  
R. Glaisher ◽  
J. A. Lin ◽  
H.-J. Ou
Keyword(s):  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Image Intensifier ◽  
Detector System ◽  
Detector Plane ◽  
Secondary Electrons ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Special Detector

Some of the most important applications of STEM depend on the variety of imaging and diffraction made possible by the versatility of the detector system and the serial nature, of the image acquisition. A special detector system, previously described, has been added to our STEM instrument to allow us to take full advantage of this versatility. In this, the diffraction pattern in the detector plane may be formed on either of two phosphor screens, one with P47 (very fast) phosphor and the other with P20 (high efficiency) phosphor. The light from the phosphor is conveyed through a fiber-optic rod to an image intensifier and TV system and may be photographed, recorded on videotape, or stored digitally on a frame store. The P47 screen has a hole through it to allow electrons to enter a Gatan EELS spectrometer. Recently a modified SEM detector has been added so that high resolution (10Å) imaging with secondary electrons may be used in conjunction with other modes.

A New Detector System For The HB5 Stem Instrument

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 134-135
Author(s):  
J.M. Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Dark Field ◽  
Detector System ◽  
Electron Holography ◽  
Small Specimen ◽  
Bright Field ◽  
Multiple Images ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Operational Modes

The HB5 STEM instrument at ASU has been modified previously to include an efficient two-dimensional detector incorporating an optical analyser device and also a digital system for the recording of multiple images. The detector system was built to explore a wide range of possibilities including in-line electron holography, the observation and recording of diffraction patterns from very small specimen regions (having diameters as small as 3Å) and the formation of both bright field and dark field images by detection of various portions of the diffraction pattern. Experience in the use of this system has shown that sane of its capabilities are unique and valuable. For other purposes it appears that, while the principles of the operational modes may be verified, the practical applications are limited by the details of the initial design.

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