Black-body temperature of a closed Universe

1981 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-260
Author(s):  
Lars W�hlin
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Black Body ◽  
Closed Universe

Brahman cattle in a temperate environment:II. Adaptability and grazing behaviour

1970 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-327
Author(s):  
J. B. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
New England ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Black Body ◽  
Time Ratio ◽  
Brahman Cattle ◽  
Cool Temperate ◽  
Grazing Behaviour

SUMMARYOn seven separate occasions during a year, 24-h studies were made on the grazing behaviour of four ¾-bred Brahman and four purebred Hereford steers in the cool temperate New England region of northern N.S.W.Although both breeds spent approximately the same time grazing, the Brahmans ruminated for shorter periods and thus had a lower ruminating time to grazing time ratio than the Herefords. No signs of cold stress were observed in either breed even though the dry bulb temperature frequently fell below freezing point. However, the Herefords sought shade more than the Brahmans when the black body temperature exceeded 32°C.It is concluded that a climate such as that of New England, where winters are cold, should in no way adversely affect the performance of Brahman-type cattle, as judged by their behaviour.

Solar Radiation at 1200 MC/S., 600 MC/S., and 200 MC/S

1949 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
FJ Lehany ◽  
DE Yabsley
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Thermal Emission ◽  
Black Body ◽  
Sunspot Area ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Period Variations ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Daily observations of solar radiation at frequencies of 1200 Mc/s., 600 Mc/s., and 200 Mc/s. taken between August 18 and November 30, 1947, are described. The characteristics of the radiation at 200 Mc/s. were in general agreement with those observed by earlier workers. At 600 Mc/s. and 1200 Mc/s., the received intensity was normally steady on any one day but underwent long-period variations over a range of about two to one. The radiation received when the sun was almost free of sunspots corresponded to an effective black-body temperature of 0.5 million �K. at 600 Mc/s. and 0.1 million �K. at 1200 Mc/s. As sunspots appeared, the temperature rose and showed marked oar- relation with sunspot area. It is considered that radiation at these frequencies is entirely thermal in origin and that the long-period variations are at least partly due to the influence of the magnetic field of sunspots on the mechanism of thermal emission from a magneto-ionic medium. On a few occasions, isolated disturbances were observed on 600 Mc/s. and 1200 Mc/s. some of which were associated with chromospheric flares and radio fade-outs. The difficulties arising in the calibration of the apparatus and the steps taken to overcome them are discussed in detail.

Spectral-irradiance scale based on radiometric black-body temperature measurements

Metrologia ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 435-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Sperfeld ◽  
K-H Raatz ◽  
B Nawo ◽  
W M ller ◽  
J Metzdorf
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Black Body ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Spectral Irradiance

Accurate Clinical Tympanic Thermometer Measurement System at NMISA

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Efrem Kebede Ejigu
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Black Body ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Ear Canal ◽  
Calibration Laboratory ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Human Body Temperature

Infrared ear thermometers allow users to measure body temperature quickly and non-invasively by inserting a probe into the patient’s ear canal. The effectiveness of tympanic ear thermometers is dependent on how accurate their measurement is. This prompts the demand for accurate and reliable calibration of ear thermometers. Developing capability and providing traceability to the health care facilities in South Africa have become crucial, as there is no calibration laboratory that provides such a service. A standard ear-thermometer black-body source system that is traceable to ITS-90 temperature has been constructed and assembled at the NMISA temperature laboratory. The ITS-90-traceable measurement system developed has a measuring capability of 40 mK (k=2) to 70 mK (k=2) in the temperature range of 35.5 °C to 41.5 °C. At the human body temperature of 37 °C an uncertainty of 45 mK (k=2) is achieved.

scholarly journals Mass balance of Xiao Dongkemadi glacier on the central Tibetan Plateau from 1989 to 1995

2000 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 159-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Fujita ◽  
Yutaka Ageta ◽  
Pu Jianchen ◽  
Yao Tandong
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Black Body ◽  
Glacier Mass Balance ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Central Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Geostationary Meteorological Satellite ◽  
Continuous Mass

AbstractData on the mass balance of Xiao Dongkemadi glacier in the Tanggula mountains, central Tibetan Plateau, were obtained over 5 5 years from 1989 to 1995. These are the first continuous mass-balance data for a continental-type glacier on the Tibetan Plateau, where the glacier accumulates during the summer monsoon (summer-accumulation-type glacier). Mass-balance vs altitude profiles were steeper in the negative than in the positive mass-balance years. This is considered to have resulted from the effect of summer accumulation. The annual mass balance is compared with air temperature, precipitation, and black-body temperature in the area including the glacier, which is calculated from infrared radiation observations by theJapanese Geostationary Meteorological Satellite. It was found that the interannual variation in the glacier mass balance was not closely related to maximum monthly mean air temperature, while it did have a relatively good correlation with maximum monthly mean black-body temperature.

3.3 μm high brightness LEDs

2005 ◽  
Vol 891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris A. Matveev ◽  
Nonna V. Zotova ◽  
Natalya Il'inskaya ◽  
Sergey A. Karandashev ◽  
Maxim A. Remennyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Flip Chip ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Black Body ◽  
Surface Roughening ◽  
High Brightness ◽  
Power Enhancement ◽  
Power Measurements

ABSTRACTDeep mesa etching and surface roughening have been implemented to InAs flip-chip LEDs emitting at 3300 nm (300 K). Near field and power measurements confirmed the output power enhancement of about 2 and brightness increase with and equivalent to a black body temperature of about 1250 K.

scholarly journals Sensitivity Limit of The VATLY Radio Telescope: Observing the Moon

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 371
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Phuong ◽  
Nguyen Thi Thao ◽  
Pierre Darriulat ◽  
Pham Ngoc Diep ◽  
Do Thi Hoai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Radio Telescope ◽  
Black Body ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Sensitivity Limit

The Moon has been observed using the VATLY radio telescope at frequencies of 1420.4and 1417.6 MHz in order to study the behaviour of the instrument in a domain of ux densityclose to the limit of its sensitivity. Drift scans have revealed a Moon ux density of 0:83 0:16kJy corresponding to a Moon black body temperature of 207 40 K. From these results, a limitsensitivity of 300 Jy has been inferred in agreement with earlier coarser estimates.

Galactic Radiation at Radio Frequencies. I. 100 MC/S. Survey

1950 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
JG Bolton ◽  
KC Westfold
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Black Body ◽  
Polar Diagram ◽  
Equal Area ◽  
Radio Frequencies ◽  
Celestial Sphere ◽  
Galactic Radiation

This paper contains an account of a survey of galactic radiation at a frequency of 100 Mc/s. An aerial array with a 17� beamwidth, on an equatorial mounting, was used to plot the distribution of intensity over the section of the celestial sphere between Declination +30� and -90�. The method of eliminating the effect of the aerial polar diagram from the observations is described and the final distribution, expressed in terms of equivalent black-body temperature, is presented in galactic coordinates on a series of equal-area charts. I.

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