The behavioural role of the mammalian skin glands

1972 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mykytowycz
Keyword(s):  
Skin Glands ◽  
Mammalian Skin

Recognition and invasion of human skin by Schistosoma mansoni cercariae: the key-role of L-arginine

Parasitology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. HAAS ◽  
K. GRABE ◽  
C. GEIS ◽  
T. PÄCH ◽  
K. STOLL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Mouse Skin ◽  
Ventral Side ◽  
Body Axis ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Mammalian Skin ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Arginine Concentration

The attachment of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae to mammalian skin is specifically stimulated by L-arginine. As L-arginine is an unsuitable signal for a specific identification of mammalian skin we examined the following 5 hypotheses to explain the advantage of the cercarial sensitivity to L-arginine. (1) A Schistosoma infection lowered the arginine concentration in the serum of mice, and this could enable the cercariae to avoid attachments to already infected mice. However, the infection did not reduce the arginine concentration in the skin and the cercarial attachment responses to it. (2) Creeping cercariae showed chemotactic orientation specifically along increasing L-arginine gradients. L-arginine could act as a pheromone which could guide cercariae towards common penetration sites. However, the cercarial acetabular gland contents were not attractive and they did not (in contrast to previous reports) contain much arginine. (3) Schistosomula (transformed cercariae) could use L-arginine to produce nitric oxide (NO) for blood vessel dilation during their migration in the host. However, in vitro the transformed cercariae did not convert L-arginine into citrulline and NO. (4) Schistosomula could bind L-arginine from the surrounding tissues and so escape the cellular immune attack (which needs L-arginine as the precursor of NO). However, transformed cercariae bound no more L-arginine than L-serine and L-lysine. (5) Schistosomula, migrating parallel to the surface in the mammalian epidermis, are dependent on information on their position between the inner and the surface layers of the skin. In the mouse skin, they adjusted their body axis with the ventral side toward the deeper (arginine-residue rich) epidermis layers. When migrating in agar, they showed chemo-orientation toward serum, and D-glucose and L-arginine were the stimulating compounds therein. The burrowing schistosomula adjusted their body axis (as in the epidermis) with the ventral side toward the higher concentration of L-arginine and not of glucose. We argue that the sensitivity for L-arginine has its primary function in orientation within mammalian skin and in location of blood vessels.

The role of papillary skin glands in guiding mouse pups to the nipple

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magali Klaey‐Tassone ◽  
Benoist Schaal ◽  
Karine Durand ◽  
Bruno Patris ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Glands

The role of substance P in the sunburn reaction of mammalian skin

Neuropeptides ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
C. Eschenfelder ◽  
J. Benrath ◽  
M. Zimmermann ◽  
F. Gillardon
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Mammalian Skin

Invasion of mammalian skin by Schistosoma mansoni cercariae: the puzzling role of the host signal larginine

1998 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
W Haas ◽  
K Stoll ◽  
C Geis ◽  
B Haberl ◽  
M Fuchs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Mammalian Skin ◽  
Host Signal

The topography, climate and chemical nature of the mammalian skin surface

1980 ◽  
Vol 79 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 3-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. McEwan Jenkinson
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Multidisciplinary Study ◽  
Mammalian Skin

SynopsisComparative evidence on the topography, climate and chemical nature of the mammalian skin surface ecosystem is reviewed. Potential and established surface defence systems have been identified and their significance and interactions discussed in an attempt to provide a basis for further multidisciplinary study of the protective role of the skin surface, a function which is more extensive than hitherto recognised.

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor

Role of the allergist in diagnosis and management of patients with uveitis

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis And Management
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