Inhibition of plant glucoside hydrolases

1969 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-167
Author(s):  
P. I. Gvozdyak
Keyword(s):  
Glucoside Hydrolases

scholarly journals Nitric oxide inhibits, and carbon monoxide activates, islet acid α-glucoside hydrolase activities in parallel with glucose-stimulated insulin secretion

2006 ◽  
Vol 190 (3) ◽  
pp. 681-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Mosén ◽  
Albert Salehi ◽  
Ragnar Henningsson ◽  
Ingmar Lundquist
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Release ◽  
Islets Of Langerhans ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Appreciable Effect ◽  
Intact Mouse ◽  
Glucose Stimulated Insulin Secretion ◽  
Glucoside Hydrolases

We have studied the influence of nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO), putative messenger molecules in the brain as well as in the islets of Langerhans, on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and on the activities of the acid α-glucoside hydrolases, enzymes which we previously have shown to be implicated in the insulin release process. We have shown here that exogenous NO gas inhibits, while CO gas amplifies glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in intact mouse islets concomitant with a marked inhibition (NO) and a marked activation (CO) of the activities of the lysosomal/vacuolar enzymes acid glucan-1,4-α-glucosidase and acid α-glucosidase (acid α-glucoside hydrolases). Furthermore, CO dose-dependently potentiated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in the range 0.1–1000 μM. In intact islets, the heme oxygenase substrate hemin markedly amplified glucose-stimulated insulin release, an effect which was accompanied by an increased activity of the acid α-glucoside hydrolases. These effects were partially suppressed by the guanylate cyclase inhibitor 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo-[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one. Hemin also inhibited inducible NO synthase (iNOS)-derived NO production probably through a direct effect of CO on the NOS enzyme. Further, exogenous CO raised the content of both cGMP and cAMP in parallel with a marked amplification of glucose-stimulated insulin release, while exogenous NO suppressed insulin release and cAMP, leaving cGMP unaffected. Emiglitate, a selective inhibitor of α-glucoside hydrolase activities, was able to markedly inhibit the stimulatory effect of exogenous CO on both glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and the activityof acid glucan-1,4-α-glucosidase and acid α-glucosidase, while no appreciable effect on the activities of other lysosomal enzyme activities measured was found. We propose that CO and NO, both produced in significant quantities in the islets of Langerhans, have interacting regulatory roles on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. This regulation is, at least in part, transduced through the activity of cGMP and the lysosomal/vacuolar system and the associated acid α-glucoside hydrolases, but probably also through a direct effect on the cAMP system.

scholarly journals Structures of glucoside hydrolases from human gut microbiome

2011 ◽  
Vol 67 (a1) ◽  
pp. C218-C218
Author(s):  
A. Joachimiak ◽  
K. Tan ◽  
K. Michalska ◽  
G. Babnigg
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Human Gut Microbiome ◽  
Glucoside Hydrolases

scholarly journals Mercury methylation trait dispersed across diverse anaerobic microbial guilds in a eutrophic sulfate-enriched lake

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin D. Peterson ◽  
Elizabeth A. McDaniel ◽  
Anna G. Schmidt ◽  
Ryan F. Lepak ◽  
Patricia Q. Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Biogeochemical Cycles ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Mercury Methylation ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Polysaccharide Degradation ◽  
Glucoside Hydrolases

AbstractMercury (Hg) methylation is a microbially mediated process that converts inorganic Hg into the bioaccumulative neurotoxin methylmercury (MeHg). Exploring the diversity and metabolic potential of the dominant Hg-methylating microorganisms can provide insights into how biogeochemical cycles and water quality parameters underlie MeHg production. However, our understanding of the ecophysiology of methylators in natural ecosystems is still limited. Here, we used shotgun metagenomics paired with biogeochemical data to identify likely hotspots for MeHg production in a lake with elevated sulfate levels and characterize the microbial methylators and the flanking microbial community. Identified putative methylators were dominated by hgcA sequences divergent from those in canonical, experimentally confirmed methylators. Using genome-resolved metagenomics, these sequences were identified within genomes associated with Bacteroidetes and the recently described phylum Kiritimatiellaeota. Over half of the hgcA abundance comes from genomes corresponding to obligately fermentative organisms, many of which have a large number of glucoside hydrolases for polysaccharide degradation. Sulfate-reducing genomes encoding hgcA were also identified, but only accounted for 22% of the abundance of hgcA+ genomes. This work highlights the diverse dispersal of the methylation trait across the microbial anoxic food web.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequences of Salmonella Lysozyme Gene Knockout Mutants

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
Narine Arabyan ◽  
Bihua C. Huang ◽  
Bart C. Weimer
Keyword(s):  
Gene Deletion ◽  
Gene Knockout ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Deletion Mutants ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Knockout Mutants ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Encoding Gene ◽  
Glucoside Hydrolases

ABSTRACT Lysozyme enzymes hydrolyze the β-1,4-glycosidic bond in oligosaccharides. These enzymes are part of a broad group of glucoside hydrolases that are poorly characterized; however, they are important for growth and are being recognized as emerging virulence factors. This is the release of four lysozyme-encoding-gene-deletion mutants in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2.

scholarly journals Structural Comparison of Streptococcus mutans Dextran Glucosidase with Glucoside Hydrolases in GH13

2009 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hironori Hondoh ◽  
Hiroaki Otsuka-Rachi ◽  
Wataru Saburi ◽  
Haruhide Mori ◽  
Masayuki Okuyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Structural Comparison ◽  
Glucoside Hydrolases

Safety Assessment of Decyl Glucoside and Other Alkyl Glucosides as Used in Cosmetics

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 22S-48S ◽  
Author(s):  
Monice M. Fiume ◽  
Bart Heldreth ◽  
Wilma F. Bergfeld ◽  
Donald V. Belsito ◽  
Ronald A. Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Fatty Alcohols ◽  
Alkyl Glucosides ◽  
Glucoside Hydrolases

The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel assessed the safety of 19 alkyl glucosides as used in cosmetics and concluded that these ingredients are safe in the present practices of use and concentration when formulated to be nonirritating. Most of these ingredients function as surfactants in cosmetics, but some have additional functions as skin-conditioning agents, hair-conditioning agents, or emulsion stabilizers. The Panel reviewed the available animal and clinical data on these ingredients. Since glucoside hydrolases in human skin are likely to break down these ingredients to release their respective fatty acids and glucose, the Panel also reviewed CIR reports on the safety of fatty alcohols and were able to extrapolate data from those previous reports to support safety.

The Conformational Free Energy Landscape of β-d-Glucopyranose. Implications for Substrate Preactivation in β-Glucoside Hydrolases

2007 ◽  
Vol 129 (35) ◽  
pp. 10686-10693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xevi Biarnés ◽  
Albert Ardèvol ◽  
Antoni Planas ◽  
Carme Rovira ◽  
Alessandro Laio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Energy Landscape ◽  
Free Energy Landscape ◽  
Conformational Free Energy ◽  
Glucoside Hydrolases
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