Versuche zur Reinigung und Herstellung der Antiseren von Blumenkohlmosaik (cauliflower mosaic virus) und Schwarzringfleckigkeit des Kohles (cabbage black ring spot virus)

1957 ◽  
Vol 44 (15) ◽  
pp. 426-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch. Martini
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Black Ring ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
Spot Virus ◽  
Ring Spot

The effect of DDT on Myzus persicae (SULZ.) and Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) (Aphididae) in relation to the spread of cauliflower mosaic and cabbage black ring spot viruses

1963 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 779-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Heathcote ◽  
J. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Brevicoryne Brassicae ◽  
Black Ring ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Spot Virus ◽  
Treated Plant ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
Ring Spot ◽  
Do So

Previous work in Britain has shown that insecticides, even systemic ones, fail to protect brassica plants in the seed-bed from virus diseases transmitted by aphids, and an explanation was sought through experiments carried out at Rothamsted. Observations on the effect on apterae and alates of Myzus persicae (Sulz.) of contact with leaves detached from cauliflower plants previously treated with a 0·2 per cent. DDT emulsion spray showed that exposure for up to 30 min. was insufficient to kill the majority of those tested, although many were temporarily incapacitated; alatae of Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) were even less affected.In cage experiments using infected and healthy cauliflower seedlings, apterae of M. persicae were able to transmit cauliflower mosaic virus (ClMV) and cabbage black ring spot virus (CBRSV) from infected to healthy seedlings when no spray was used, but failed to do so when the infected plants were sprayed with DDT; when alates were used in similar tests using only CBRSV, only low rates of transmission were obtained. In similar experiments using turnip seedlings and ClMV, transmission by apterae of M. persicae was high on untreated plants when the infector plant was itself untreated, but distinctly lower when it was sprayed with DDT; alates of M. persicae were found to transmit ClMV from a DDT-treated infector to untreated plants but not to a treated plant. Virus spread was thus reduced but not prevented by the use of DDT sprays. It is considered that these results lend support to the hypothesis that increase of virus within a seed-bed is preponderantly the result of the arrival, in succession, of many individual viruliferous alates from outside.

scholarly journals Viral diseases on apple in southern Syria

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Houda Z. Kawas
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Black Ring ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Spot Virus ◽  
Tomato Black Ring Virus ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Arabis Mosaic Virus ◽  
Chlorotic Leaf ◽  
Ring Spot

108 sample Collected from the fields of farmers in the areas of apple cultivation in the south of Syria during the years 1998-2007, and the most important symptoms associated with infection were recorded, results of the biometric tests (mechanical inoculation on indicator plant) and examination by electron microscope and serological tests (ELISA) using antisera of Apple mosaic virus, Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus, Tomato ring spot virus , Tomato spotted wilt virus, Tobacco ring spot virus , Tomato black ring virus and Arabis mosaic virus to the spread of a virus infection of Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) by 24%, Apple mosaic virus (ApMV) by 26.9% and to register cases Tomato ring spot virus (TomRSV) by 13% and Tobacco ring spot virus (TRSV) by %14.8, Tomato black ring virus (TBRV) rate of % 12.03 and Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV) 2.43% for the first time on apples in Syria, and the likelihood of several viral and viroid diseases, that we need to reassess the health situation in view of the importance of maintaining the cultivation of apples and recommended program documentation for the production of propagation of disease-free, with proposal to use molecular methods to detect and identify viral diseases causes and strains prevalent in Syria.

Plant Diseases Detection Using Nanowire as Biosensor Transducer

2013 ◽  
Vol 832 ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrul A.B. Ariffin ◽  
Tijjani Adam ◽  
U. Hashim ◽  
S. Faridah Sfaridah ◽  
Ishak Zamri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Spot Virus ◽  
Biosensor Application ◽  
Papaya Ring Spot Virus ◽  
Ring Spot

The plant disease such as Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) and Papaya Ring Spot Virus (PRSV) is a most dangerous disease that can decrease productivity and quality of the vegetable and fruit. Besides that, its also can destroy and kill those plant in long term when infected and to tackle this problem at early stages, the nanowire based biosensor application is a most reliable sensor nowadays because of advantages towards detecting biological molecule especially plant diseases.In order to dealing with tiny form of molecules such as virus is very difficult and due to the nanostructure uniqueness such as nanowire, it can be done by undergo formation of nanowire process.Result will be elaborated about how nanowire working environment in order to detecting those virus.

Characterization of the single protein and two nucleic acids of peach rosette mosaic virus

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (16) ◽  
pp. 1747-1754 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. F. Dias ◽  
W. R. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Nucleotide Composition ◽  
Temperature Transition ◽  
Protein Subunit ◽  
Spot Virus ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Single Protein ◽  
Ring Spot ◽  
Equilibrium Centrifugation

Purified preparations of peach rosette mosaic virus (PRMV), were shown by rate-zonal centrifugation in sucrose and equilibrium centrifugation in CsCl to be composed of two nucleoprotein components with buoyant densities of 1.47 (middle) and 1.51 (bottom) g/cm3. The virus contains two RNA species with molecular weights of 2.5 × 106 (RNA 1) and 2.2 × I06 (RNA 2), and a single protein subunit with a molecular weight of 57 000. RNA 1 and RNA 2 reside separately in components B and M, respectively. Both RNAs are required for infection thus indicating that the virus has a divided genome. The nucleotide composition of both RNAs is similar except for cytidilic acid. The hyperchromic profile for the M component is broader than that of B and the Tm value is higher (for M Tm = 55 °C; for B Tm = 48 °C). Particle disruption and release of RNA progresses slowly over the absorbance–temperature transition. Only half of the particles were dissociated at the Tm value. Freezing dissociates most of M component into RNA 2 and protein but had no effect on the B component. Sodium chloride protected the M particles from low temperature disruption. The data support the conclusion that PRMV is a nepovirus with particular properties of the tomato ring-spot virus (TomRSV) subgroup.

scholarly journals First report of Cymbidium mosaic virus and Odontoglossum ring spot virus in Argentina

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvina Edith Cánovas ◽  
María Celeste Ballari ◽  
Claudia Fernanda Nome
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Spot Virus ◽  
Cymbidium Mosaic Virus ◽  
First Report ◽  
Ring Spot

scholarly journals Identity of a chlorotic ring-spot virus from kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala)

1969 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 115-125
Author(s):  
L. A. Alvarez García
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
Symptom Expression ◽  
Apparent Discrepancy ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Ring Spot

The results obtained from several pathogenicity trials with leaf extracts from a kale (B. oleraceae var. acephala) plant showing mottle and chlorotic ring-spot symptoms, have disclosed thai the physiological disturbance is produced by a virus. The virus can readily be obtained from kale and transmitted mechanically with carborundum to several crucifers, but not to noncrucifers. The reaction of crucifers to inoculation is characterized by initial vein-clearing, vein-banding, systemic mottling, and chlorotic ring-spots on the leaves. Among the crucifers tested, kohlrabi, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage, kale, and rutabaga showed the most conspicuous symptoms of mosaic. Kale, rutabagas, and Chinese cabbage developed chlorotic ring-spot symptoms and mottle; and Chinese cabbage reacted usually with faint mottle and leaf curling. The symptoms were seen clearly at temperatures around 20°C. and gradually became inconspicuous at temperatures below 14° or above 27°C. Brussells sprouts and broccoli were slow in showing mottle symptoms and cabbage appeared to be the least to react to infections, very faint symptoms being produced at the optimum temperatures. In comparing the cauliflower virus from California and the turnip virus from New York, Tompkins (18) found that the turnip virus produced symptoms in Colma cabbage and February cauliflower very similar to those described by Clayton (2) on brussels sprouts and cauliflower, but Tompkins demonstrated that turnip virus from New York caused symptoms on Nicotiana tabacum and N. glutinosa, brussels sprouts, rutabagas, and Chinese cabbage, and no infection on sprouting broccoli, kohlrabi, raddish, and N. langdorsffii, thus showing that the cauliflower mosaic virus is different from the turnip virus and the rutabaga virus described by Clayton from New York. The work done in Cornell with the kale mosaic virus indicates that the kale mosaic virus and the rutabaga mosaic virus described by Clayton are related to the cauliflower mosaic virus described by Tompkins (18) from California. Clayton did not determine the physical properties of the rutabaga virus. The virus from kale does not cause infection in noncrucifers; its physical properties are: Thermal inactivation point around 80°C, dilution tolerance of 1:2000, and aging in vitro approximately 14 days. All these strongly point to the conclusion expressed above. An apparent discrepancy between the kale mosaic virus and that of the cauliflower rests on the temperature range for maximum symptom expression, though not for infection. Tompkins (18) has shown that the cauliflower mosaic virus produces the most marked symptoms in cauliflower at temperatures from 10°C, and that at temperatures from 20-30°C, the symptoms are masked. However, there is the possibility that, even though there is masking of the symptoms, the rate of multiplication of the virus is not suppressed by higher temperatures, if Ave consider the results obtained by Pound and Walker (11) in which they showed that, at temperatures of 16°C, the cauliflower mosaic virus studied produced mottle symptoms in Jersey Queen cabbage in 18 to 21 days, while at higher temperatures the incubation period was gradually decreased, and at 28°C. the time for symptom expression was within 9 to 10 days. The titer of the virus at the different temperatures was not determined, therefore there is no evidence of the relation of time-of-incubation period and virus multiplication at various temperatures. One explanation of our apparent discrepancy as to the epiphytology of this disease could be based on daily fluctuations of the temperatures in the greenhouse, which veils the true relations of the temperature and the incubation and symptom expression of the disease. One thing is obvious, and that is that the temperature ranges used in our work were very wide, and there were opportunities for symptoms to develop either when the temperature was at the lower or at the higher limit of the range, or at any point therein. In order to have a clear picture of the situation it would be necessary to conduct further trials under constant ah temperatures, running parallel tests with the cauliflower mosaic virus for comparative results. In his work with the true cruciferous virus, Clayton found that rutabagas, white and black mustard, Chinese cabbage, turnip, and rape were susceptible; brussels sprouts and cauliflower not easily infected; and cabbage was either resistant or immune. These last results do not seem to be conclusive since Clayton did not use carborundum in his work. At 21 to 27°C. he found that Chinese cabbage and mustard developed streaks. At 12 to 18°C, brussels sprouts and cauliflower recovered completely and the symptoms disappeared either below 13°C. or above 27°C. The difference between the true cauliflower and the cauliflower mosaic viruses is based on the virus-suscept reaction at different temperatures. Tompkins' virus works best at temperatures from 10° to 19°C, and Clayton's at temperatures from 20° to 27°C. The trials conducted here in connection with the kale mosaic virus are too limited to warrant the exact classification of the virus. They do, however, show that the kale mosaic virus belongs to the cauliflower virus category, and is very closely related to the cauliflower mosaic virus described by Tompkins from California. The kale mosaic virus is either the cauliflower mosaic virus or a very close virus entity. Further work on cross-immunity reactions and possibly serological tests could clarify the situation.

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