Structural transformations of cellulose hydrate during heat treatment in the presence of aluminum chloride

1981 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 1001-1004
Author(s):  
M. Z. Gavrilov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Structural Transformations ◽  
Cellulose Hydrate

Properties of Heat Treatment Alkaline Pulping Black Liquor with Aluminum Chloride

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 2220-2223
Author(s):  
Lan Ge ◽  
Jie Lu ◽  
Rui Feng Yang ◽  
Yan Jun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Alkaline Pulping

The black liquor contains a large amount of suspended solids, organic pollutants and toxic substances, the black liquor discharged directly into water bodies will lead to serious pollution. So we regards the alkaline pulping black liquor as a research object, using autoclave to heat the mixture of aluminum chloride and soda black liquor lignin. By changing the heating temperature and the pH before the heat treatment, we analyze the lignin and carbohydrates in the cooking liquid to study cleavage situation and the corresponding structural changes. The results show that the lignin content accompanied the increase in temperature, organic matter content decreased and part of the decomposition of organic matter. Without adjusting pH, the lignin content is small and ash (inorganic) content is higher.

Effect of heat treatment on the structural transformations and properties of high-nitrogen chromium steels

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 221-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Blinov ◽  
A. V. Elistratov ◽  
A. G. Kolesnikov ◽  
A. G. Rakhshtadt ◽  
A. I. Plokhikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Structural Transformations ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Chromium Steels

Ni/Si-Based Contacts to GaN: Thermally Activated Structural Transformations Leading to Ohmic Behavior

1998 ◽  
Vol 537 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kaminska ◽  
A. Piotrowska ◽  
J. Jasinski ◽  
J. Kozubowski ◽  
A. Barcz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Structural Transformations ◽  
Thermally Activated ◽  
Ohmic Behavior ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Dopant Atoms ◽  
Ohmic Contact Formation ◽  
Secondary Ion

AbstractStructural transformations in Ni/Si-based contacts to GaN occurring under heat treatment have been studied using transmission electron microscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry. Transition from non-ohmic to ohmic behavior correlates with reaction between Ni and Si, and decomposition of the initially formed interfacial Ni:Ga:N layer. Transport of dopant atoms from metallization into GaN testifies in favour of the SPR process of ohmic contact formation

scholarly journals Analytical models of austenite transformation in steel with allowance for internal stresses

2018 ◽  
pp. 371-383
Author(s):  
S.V. Bobyr
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Hot Deformation ◽  
Structural Transformations ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Theoretical Expression ◽  
Internal Stresses ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The aim of the work is to review the analytical models of austenite decay, taking into account the internal stresses obtained by various authors. It is shown that a common drawback of the known works is the neglect of the effect of the stress-strain state arising during the heat treatment of parts on the kinetics of structural transformations, while the available experimental data indicate a significant effect of stresses and strains on structural transformations. It has been established that the experimental data accumulated to date do not allow reliably describing the effect of the stress state on structural transitions during the heat treatment of steels for the hot deformation tool. A simple theoretical expression is proposed for calculating the amount of martensite formed as a function of the voltage in the γ phase. It is theoretically shown that taking into account the voltage acting in the γ phase leads to an increase in the temperature of the end of the formation of martensite. Experimental study of this effect is especially convenient to carry out in isothermal conditions under uniaxial tension. It is shown that in order to reliably predict the structural state of the hot deformation tool during heat treatment, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive study related to the experimental study of the effect of stresses on all types of transformations and the creation of an adequate mathematical model of austenite decomposition based on the obtained experimental data.

scholarly journals The influence of technological parameters on the hygroscopic properties of textiles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Endiiarova ◽  
A. A. Osipov ◽  
S. E. Alexandrov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Soap Solution ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Capillary Absorption ◽  
Sample Treatment ◽  
Hygroscopic Properties

Abstract In this paper the method of wet chemistry used for hydrophobization of coarse calico surface was described. It was found that hydrophobicity of coarse calico surface is achieved by the formation of aluminum oxide on the surface. The effect of soap solution temperature, aluminum chloride solution concentration, sample treatment time in aluminum chloride solution and heat treatment temperature on water absorption, contact angle, capillary absorption and calico moisture content was studied. The dependences of gyroscopic properties on the process parameters were obtained. Capillary absorption and water absorption of the test samples increased with increasing concentration of aluminum chloride solution. An increase in the processing time of coarse calico samples in an aluminum chloride solution of lead to a decrease in the hydrophobicity of the samples. The characters of the dependences of hygroscopic properties on the temperature of heat treatment and the temperature of the soap solution are similar.

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