Behaviour of lead electrodes in sulphate electrolytes. I. Effect of electrode preparation on discriminant curve cyclic voltammograms

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fletcher ◽  
D. B. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Voltammograms ◽  
Lead Electrodes ◽  
Discriminant Curve

The behaviour of the lead-aqueous sulfate electrode in relation to the development of electric vehicle batteries

1980 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
DB Matthews ◽  
RW Garrad
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Lead Sulfate ◽  
Electrolyte Composition ◽  
Cyclic Voltammograms ◽  
Sulfate Electrolyte ◽  
Lead Acid Battery ◽  
Concentrated Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Lead Electrodes ◽  
Charge Discharge

The behaviour of smooth lead electrodes in various aqueous sulfate electrolytes has been studied by slow scan (10 mV min-1) cyclic voltammetry and coulometry and by scanning electron microscopy. The dependence of the amount of charge that can be delivered in discharge of lead to form lead sulfate, as in a lead-acid battery, is found to depend strongly on electrolyte composition, and an acidic ammonium sulfate electrolyte (0.5 mol dm-3, pH 2.0) was found to yield the highest charge over some 40 charge-discharge cycles when compared with various other sodium sulfate, ammonium sulfate and sulfuric acid electrolytes. The quantity of charge was directly related to the size of the lead sulfate crystals produced. This result is interpreted in terms of the passivating effect of lead sulfate. A tentative mechanism for the anodic formation of lead sulfate is proposed and used to interpret the cyclic voltammograms obtained in concentrated sulfuric acid.

Obtaining of lead (II) sulfate by polarization of bipolar lead electrodes with alternating current

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
A.K. Bayeshova ◽  
◽  
A.M. Kongyratbay ◽  
F.M. Zhumabay ◽  
A. Bayeshov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternating Current ◽  
Lead Electrodes

scholarly journals Identifying the Oxygen Evolution Mechanism by Microkinetic Modelling of Cyclic Voltammograms

2021 ◽  
pp. 137902
Author(s):  
Janis Geppert ◽  
Fabian Kubannek ◽  
Philipp Röse ◽  
Ulrike Krewer
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Evolution ◽  
Cyclic Voltammograms ◽  
Evolution Mechanism

scholarly journals Ultralong π-Conjugated Bis(terpyridine)metal Polymer Wires Covalently Bound to a Carbon Electrode: Fast Redox Conduction and Redox Diode Characteristics

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 4267
Author(s):  
Kuo-Hui Wu ◽  
Ryota Sakamoto ◽  
Hiroaki Maeda ◽  
Eunice Jia Han Phua ◽  
Hiroshi Nishihara
Keyword(s):  
Metal Complex ◽  
Electrochemical Method ◽  
Redox Reactions ◽  
Cyclic Voltammograms ◽  
Wire Arrays ◽  
Reversible Redox ◽  
Complex Linear ◽  
Complex Polymer ◽  
Metal Polymer ◽  
Hclo4 Solution

We developed an efficient and convenient electrochemical method to synthesize π-conjugated redox metal-complex linear polymer wires composed of azobenzene-bridged bis(terpyridine)metal (2-M, M = Fe, Ru) units covalently immobilized on glassy carbon (GC). Polymerization proceeds by electrochemical oxidation of bis(4′-(4-anilino)-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine)metal (1-M) in a water–acetonitrile–HClO4 solution, affording ultralong wires up to 7400 mers (corresponding to ca. 15 μm). Both 2-Fe and 2-Ru undergo reversible redox reactions, and their redox behaviors indicate remarkably fast redox conduction. Anisotropic hetero-metal-complex polymer wires with Fe and Ru centers are constructed via stepwise electropolymerization. The cyclic voltammograms of two hetero-metal-complex polymer wires, GC/[2-Fe]–[2-Ru] (3) and GC/[2-Ru]–[2-Fe] (4), show irreversible redox reactions with opposite electron transfer characteristics, indicating redox diodelike behavior. In short, the present electrochemical method is useful to synthesize polymer wire arrays and to integrate functional molecules on carbon.

scholarly journals MnO2@Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite-Based Electrochemical Sensor for the Simultaneous Determination of Trace Cd(II), Zn(II) and Cu(II) in Water Samples

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 517
Author(s):  
Siyamthanda Hope Mnyipika ◽  
Tshimangadzo Saddam Munonde ◽  
Philiswa Nosizo Nomngongo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Electrochemical Sensor ◽  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Cyclic Voltammograms ◽  
Current Response ◽  
Mno2 Nanoparticles

The rapid detection of trace metals is one of the most important aspect in achieving environmental monitoring and protection. Electrochemical sensors remain a key solution for rapid detection of heavy metals in environmental water matrices. This paper reports the fabrication of an electrochemical sensor obtained by the simultaneous electrodeposition of MnO2 nanoparticles and RGO nanosheets on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode. The successful electrodeposition was confirmed by the enhanced current response on the cyclic voltammograms. The XRD, HR-SEM/EDX, TEM, FTIR, and BET characterization confirmed the successful synthesis of MnO2 nanoparticles, RGO nanosheets, and MnO2@RGO nanocomposite. The electrochemical studies results revealed that MnO2@RGO@GCE nanocomposite considerably improved the current response on the detection of Zn(II), Cd(II) and Cu(II) ions in surface water. These remarkable improvements were due to the interaction between MnO2 nanomaterials and RGO nanosheets. Moreover, the modified sensor electrode portrayed high sensitivity, reproducibility, and stability on the simultaneous determination of Zn(II), Cd(II), and Cu(II) ions. The detection limits of (S/N = 3) ranged from 0.002–0.015 μg L−1 for the simultaneous detection of Zn(II), Cd(II), and Cu(II) ions. The results show that MnO2@RGO nanocomposite can be successfully used for the early detection of heavy metals with higher sensitivity in water sample analysis.

Synthesis and Characterization of Polyaniline Film

2011 ◽  
Vol 239-242 ◽  
pp. 1382-1385
Author(s):  
Na Xu ◽  
Xiao Dong Shen ◽  
Sheng Cui
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Persulfate ◽  
Pani Film ◽  
Cyclic Voltammograms ◽  
Ultrasonic Dispersion ◽  
Switching Speed ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Fast Switching ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
The Relationship

The electrochromic PANI film was prepared by emulsion polymerization with dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid (DBSA) as dopant and ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator. Ultrasonic dispersion was adopted in the polymerization. The electrochemical properties, the surface morphology and structure of the prepared PANI film was characterized by means of Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), cyclic voltammograms (CV) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), respectively. The relationship between the morphology and properties of PANI film was detailedly discussed. The PANI film exhibited an excellent electrochromism with reversible color changes form yellow to purple. The PANI film also had quite good reaction kinetics with fast switching speed, and the response time for oxidation and reduction were 65 ms and 66 ms, respectively.

Silver Nanoparticles Supported on Ordered Mesoporous Carbon for Formaldehyde Electrooxidation

2011 ◽  
Vol 110-116 ◽  
pp. 508-513
Author(s):  
Ling Bin Kong ◽  
Ru Tao Wang ◽  
Xiao Wei Wang ◽  
Zhen Sheng Yang ◽  
Yong Chun Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Mesoporous Carbon ◽  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Ordered Mesoporous Carbon ◽  
Alkaline Solutions ◽  
Cyclic Voltammograms ◽  
Peak Current Density ◽  
Ordered Mesoporous ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Metal nanocatalysts, as the anodic materials, have become increasingly important in fuel cells due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Here we report the ordered mesoporous carbon (CMK-3) supported silver nanocatalysts have been prepared through the wet chemical reduction by using the reduction of formaldehyde. The electrochemical properties of the Ag/CMK-3 nanocatalysts for formaldehyde oxidation are studied by cyclic voltammograms (CV) and chronoamperometric curves (i-t) in alkaline aqueous solutions. The results show that the peak current density (from CV) of the Ag/CMK-3 electrode is 112 mA cm-2, above 2 times higher than that of Ag/XC-72 at the same Ag loading (14.15 μg cm-2). Furthermore, the i-t curves demonstrate that the Ag/CMK-3 nanocatalysts are efficient and stable electrocatalysts for anodic oxidation of formaldehyde in alkaline solutions. Our results indicate that the application potential of Ag/CMK-3 nanocatalysts with the improved electrocatalytic activity has far reaching effects on fuel cells and sensors.

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