Analogue storage cells based on a coulometer with solid electrolyte and stoichiometric variation of the storage phase. I. Cells with symmetric electrodes

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Valverde
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Solid Electrolyte ◽  
Storage Cells ◽  
I Cells

Serum C-reactive protein and immune responses in dogs inoculated withBordetella bronchiseptica (phase I cells)

1994 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 347-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Yamamoto ◽  
T. Shida ◽  
M. Honda ◽  
Y. Ashida ◽  
Y. Rikihisa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Phase I ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
I Cells

Functional associations among simultaneously monitored lateral medullary respiratory neurons in the cat. I. Evidence for excitatory and inhibitory actions of inspiratory neurons

1987 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1078-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Segers ◽  
R. Shannon ◽  
S. Saporta ◽  
B. G. Lindsey
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Respiratory Cycle ◽  
Respiratory Neurons ◽  
Ventral Respiratory Group ◽  
Medullary Respiratory Neurons ◽  
Maximum Discharge ◽  
I Cells

Data were obtained from 45 anesthetized (Dial), paralyzed, artificially ventilated, bilaterally vagotomized cats. Arrays of extracellular electrodes were used to monitor simultaneously the activities of lateral medullary respiratory neurons located in the rostral and caudal regions of the ventral respiratory group. The average discharge rate as a function of time in the respiratory cycle was determined for each neuron and concurrent phrenic nerve activity. Most cells were tested for axonal projections to the spinal cord or the ipsilateral vagus nerve using antidromic stimulation techniques. Seven hundred and sixty-one pairs of ipsilateral respiratory neurons that contained at least one neuron whose maximum discharge rate occurred during the inspiratory phase were analyzed by cross-correlation of the simultaneously recorded spike trains. Twenty-three percent of the 410 pairs of inspiratory (I) neurons showed short time scale correlations indicative of functional association due to paucisynaptic connections or shared inputs. Eight per cent of the 351 pairs composed of an I cell and and expiratory (E) neuron were correlated. We found evidence for excitation of both bulbospinal I neurons and I cells that were not antidromically activated by stimulation of the spinal cord and vagus nerve (NAA neurons) by NAA I cells. We also obtained data suggesting inhibitory actions of cells whose maximum discharge rate occurred in the first half of the I phase (I-DEC neurons). These actions included inhibition of other I-DEC neurons, inhibition of cells whose greatest firing rate occurred in the last half of the I phase (I-AUG neurons), inhibition of E-DEC neurons, and inhibition of E-AUG cells. Sixty-two percent (31/50) of the correlations that could be interpreted as evidence for an excitatory or inhibitory paucisynaptic connection were detected in pairs composed of a caudal and a rostral ventral respiratory group neuron. Eighty-eight percent (14/16) of proposed intergroup excitatory connections involved a projection from the rostral neuron of the pair to the caudal cell, whereas 73% (11/15) of proposed inhibitory connections involved a caudal-to-rostral projection. These results support and suggest several hypotheses for mechanisms that may help to control the development of augmenting activity in and the timing of each phase of the respiratory cycle.

scholarly journals Insertional Inactivation of Genes Encoding the Crystalline Inclusion Proteins of Photorhabdus luminescens Results in Mutants with Pleiotropic Phenotypes

1998 ◽  
Vol 180 (5) ◽  
pp. 1261-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott B. Bintrim ◽  
Jerald C. Ensign
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence Similarity ◽  
Crystalline Inclusion ◽  
Photorhabdus Luminescens ◽  
Insertional Inactivation ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
I Cells

ABSTRACT The entomopathogenic bacterium Photorhabdus luminescensexhibits phase variation when cultured in vitro. The variant forms ofP. luminescens are pleiotropic and are designated phase I and phase II variants. One of the characteristic phenotypes of phase I cells is the production of two types of intracellular protein inclusions. The genes encoding the protein monomers that form these inclusions, designated cipA and cipB, were cloned and characterized. cipA and cipB encode hydrophobic proteins of 11,648 and 11,308 Da, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequences of CipA and CipB have no significant amino acid sequence similarity to any other known protein but have 25% identity and 49% similarity to each other. Insertional inactivation ofcipA or cipB in phase I cells of P. luminescens produced mutants that differ from phase I cells in bioluminescence, the pattern and activities of extracellular products, biochemical traits, adsorption of dyes, and ability to support nematode growth and reproduction. In general, the cip mutants were phenotypically more similar to each other than to either phase I or phase II variants.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Variation of Pseudomonas brassicacearum as a Plant Root-Colonization Strategy

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 872-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wafa Achouak ◽  
Sandrine Conrod ◽  
Valérie Cohen ◽  
Thierry Heulin
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Basal Part ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Pseudomonas Brassicacearum ◽  
I Cells

Pseudomonas brassicacearum was isolated as a major root-colonizing population from Arabidopsis thaliana. The strain NFM421 of P. brassicacearum undergoes phenotypic variation during A. thaliana and Brassica napus root colonization in vitro as well as in soil, resulting in different colony appearance on agar surfaces. Bacteria forming translucent colonies (phase II cells) essentially were localized at the surface of young roots and root tips, whereas wild-type cells (phase I cells) were localized at the basal part of roots. The ability of phase II cells to spread and colonize new sites on root surface correlates with over-production of flagellin as evidenced by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of surface proteins and microsequencing. Moreover, phase II cells showed a higher ability to swim and to swarm on semisolid agar medium. Phase I and phase II cells of P. brassicacearum NFM421 were tagged genetically with green fluorescent protein and red fluorescent protein. Confocal scanning laser microscopy was used to localize phase II cells on secondary roots and root tips of A. thaliana, whereas phase I cells essentially were localized at the basal part of roots. These experiments were conducted in vitro and in soil. Phenotypic variation on plant roots is likely to be a colonization strategy that may explain the high colonization power of P. brassicacearum.

A Phonomotor Approach to Apraxia of Speech Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 2109-2130
Author(s):  
Lauren Bislick
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Multimodal Approach ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Treatment Gains ◽  
Future Work

Purpose This study continued Phase I investigation of a modified Phonomotor Treatment (PMT) Program on motor planning in two individuals with apraxia of speech (AOS) and aphasia and, with support from prior work, refined Phase I methodology for treatment intensity and duration, a measure of communicative participation, and the use of effect size benchmarks specific to AOS. Method A single-case experimental design with multiple baselines across behaviors and participants was used to examine acquisition, generalization, and maintenance of treatment effects 8–10 weeks posttreatment. Treatment was distributed 3 days a week, and duration of treatment was specific to each participant (criterion based). Experimental stimuli consisted of target sounds or clusters embedded nonwords and real words, specific to each participants' deficit. Results Findings show improved repetition accuracy for targets in trained nonwords, generalization to targets in untrained nonwords and real words, and maintenance of treatment effects at 10 weeks posttreatment for one participant and more variable outcomes for the other participant. Conclusions Results indicate that a modified version of PMT can promote generalization and maintenance of treatment gains for trained speech targets via a multimodal approach emphasizing repeated exposure and practice. While these results are promising, the frequent co-occurrence of AOS and aphasia warrants a treatment that addresses both motor planning and linguistic deficits. Thus, the application of traditional PMT with participant-specific modifications for AOS embedded into the treatment program may be a more effective approach. Future work will continue to examine and maximize improvements in motor planning, while also treating anomia in aphasia.

604: A Phase I Trial of Vaccination of Personalized Peptides for HLA-A2/A24 Positive Patients with Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer

2007 ◽  
Vol 177 (4S) ◽  
pp. 202-202
Author(s):  
Hirotsugu Uemura ◽  
Motoyoshi Tanaka ◽  
Shigeya Uejima ◽  
Takafumi Minami ◽  
Kiyohide Fujimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Phase I Trial ◽  
Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer ◽  
Hormone Refractory

272: A Phase I-II Study on Intra Vesical Gemcitabine in Superficial Bladder Papillary Tumors

2004 ◽  
Vol 171 (4S) ◽  
pp. 72-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Serretta ◽  
Carlo Pavone ◽  
Antonio Galuffo ◽  
Nino Dispensa ◽  
Marco Vella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase I
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