GABAergic inhibition shapes temporal and spatial response properties of pyramidal cells in the electrosensory lateral line lobe of gymnotiform fish

1989 ◽  
Vol 164 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroly A. Shumway ◽  
Leonard Maler
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Line ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Gabaergic Inhibition ◽  
Response Properties ◽  
Spatial Response ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Gymnotiform Fish

Temporal and spatial response properties of optic neuritis patients manifesting statokinetic dissociation

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (16) ◽  
pp. 2136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evanne J. Casson ◽  
Masahiro Osako ◽  
Chris A. Johnson ◽  
Peter Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Response Properties ◽  
Spatial Response ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

scholarly journals Frequency response properties of primary afferent neurons in the posterior lateral line system of larval zebrafish

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 657-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Levi ◽  
Otar Akanyeti ◽  
Aleksander Ballo ◽  
James C. Liao
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Line ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Afferent Neuron ◽  
Lateral Line System ◽  
Afferent Neurons ◽  
Primary Afferent Neurons ◽  
Primary Afferent ◽  
Line System ◽  
Response Properties ◽  
Larval Zebrafish

The ability of fishes to detect water flow with the neuromasts of their lateral line system depends on the physiology of afferent neurons as well as the hydrodynamic environment. Using larval zebrafish ( Danio rerio), we measured the basic response properties of primary afferent neurons to mechanical deflections of individual superficial neuromasts. We used two types of stimulation protocols. First, we used sine wave stimulation to characterize the response properties of the afferent neurons. The average frequency-response curve was flat across stimulation frequencies between 0 and 100 Hz, matching the filtering properties of a displacement detector. Spike rate increased asymptotically with frequency, and phase locking was maximal between 10 and 60 Hz. Second, we used pulse train stimulation to analyze the maximum spike rate capabilities. We found that afferent neurons could generate up to 80 spikes/s and could follow a pulse train stimulation rate of up to 40 pulses/s in a reliable and precise manner. Both sine wave and pulse stimulation protocols indicate that an afferent neuron can maintain their evoked activity for longer durations at low stimulation frequencies than at high frequencies. We found one type of afferent neuron based on spontaneous activity patterns and discovered a correlation between the level of spontaneous and evoked activity. Overall, our results establish the baseline response properties of lateral line primary afferent neurons in larval zebrafish, which is a crucial step in understanding how vertebrate mechanoreceptive systems sense and subsequently process information from the environment.

Distal Versus Proximal Inhibitory Shaping of Feedback Excitation in the Electrosensory Lateral Line Lobe: Implications for Sensory Filtering

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 3214-3232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil J. Berman ◽  
Leonard Maler
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Line ◽  
Pyramidal Cell ◽  
Stellate Cell ◽  
Molecular Layer ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Stellate Cells ◽  
Decay Phase ◽  
Tetanic Stimulation ◽  
Parallel Fibers ◽  
Cell Inhibition

Berman, Neil J. and Leonard Maler. Distal versus proximal inhibitory shaping of feedback excitation in the electrosensory lateral line lobe: implications for sensory filtering. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 3214–3232, 1998. The inhibition controlling the indirect descending feedback (parallel fibers originating from cerebellar granule cells in the eminentia posterior pars granularis) to electrosensory lateral line lobe (ELL) pyramidal cells was studied using intracellular recording techniques in vitro. Parallel fibers (PF) contact stellate cells and dendrites of ventral molecular layer (VML) GABAergic interneurons. Stellate cells provide local input to pyramidal cell distal dendrites, whereas VML cells contact their somata and proximal dendrites. Single-pulse stimulation of PF evoked graded excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) that were blocked by α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists. The EPSPs peaked at 6.4 ± 1.8 ms (mean ± SE; n = 11) but took >50 ms to decay completely. Tetanic stimulation (100 ms, 100 Hz) produced a depolarizing wave with individual EPSPs superimposed. The absolute amplitude of the individual EPSPs decreased during the train. Spike rates, established by injected current, mostly were increased, but in some cells were decreased, by tetanic stimulation. Global application of a γ-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) antagonist to the recorded cell's soma and apical dendritic region increased the EPSP peak and decay phase amplitudes. Tetanic stimulation always increased current-evoked spike rates after GABAA blockade during, and for several hundred milliseconds after, the stimulus. Application of a GABAB antagonist did not have any significant effects on the PF-evoked response. This, and the lack of any long hyperpolarizing inhibitory postsynaptic potentials, suggests that VML and stellate cell inhibition does not involve GABAB receptors. Focal GABAA antagonist applications to the dorsal molecular layer (DML) and pyramidal cell layer (PCL) had contrasting effects on PF-evoked EPSPs. DML GABAA blockade significantly increased the EPSP peak amplitude but not the decay phase of the EPSP, whereas PCL GABAA-blockade significantly increased the decay phase, but not the EPSP peak, amplitude. The order of antagonist application did not affect the outcome. On the basis of the known circuitry of the ELL, we conclude that the distal inhibition originated from GABAergic molecular layer stellate cells and the proximal inhibition originated from GABAergic cells of the ventral molecular layer (VML cells). Computer modeling of distal and proximal inhibition suggests that intrinsic differences in IPSP dynamics between the distal and proximal sites may be amplified by voltage-dependent NMDA receptor and persistent sodium currents. We propose that the different time courses of stellate cell and VML cell inhibition allows them to act as low- and high-pass filters respectively on indirect descending feedback to ELL pyramidal cells.

scholarly journals Nonlinear response characteristics of neural networks and single neurons undergoing optogenetic excitation

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 852-870
Author(s):  
Jannik Luboeinski ◽  
Tatjana Tchumatchenko
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Nonlinear Response ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Simulation Code ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
Spatial Response ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Light Beams ◽  
Indirect Stimulation

Optogenetic stimulation has become the method of choice for investigating neural computation in populations of neurons. Optogenetic experiments often aim to elicit a network response by stimulating specific groups of neurons. However, this is complicated by the fact that optogenetic stimulation is nonlinear, more light does not always equal to more spikes, and neurons that are not directly but indirectly stimulated could have a major impact on how networks respond to optogenetic stimulation. To clarify how optogenetic excitation of some neurons alters the network dynamics, we studied the temporal and spatial response of individual neurons and recurrent neural networks. In individual neurons, we find that neurons show a monotonic, saturating rate response to increasing light intensity and a nonmonotonic rate response to increasing pulse frequency. At the network level, we find that Gaussian light beams elicit spatial firing rate responses that are substantially broader than the stimulus profile. In summary, our analysis and our network simulation code allow us to predict the outcome of an optogenetic experiment and to assess whether the observed effects can be attributed to direct or indirect stimulation of neurons.

Differential Response Properties to Amplitude Modulated Signals in the Dorsal Nucleus of the Lateral Lemniscus of the Mustache Bat and the Roles of GABAergic Inhibition

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 324-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lichuan Yang ◽  
George D. Pollak
Keyword(s):  
Phase Locking ◽  
Modulation Frequency ◽  
Tone Burst ◽  
Differential Response ◽  
Gabaergic Inhibition ◽  
Lateral Lemniscus ◽  
Response Properties ◽  
Dorsal Nucleus ◽  
Modulated Signals ◽  
Onset Response

Yang, Lichuan and George D. Pollak. Differential response properties to amplitude modulated signals in the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus of the mustache bat and the roles of GABAergic inhibition. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 324–340, 1997. We studied the phase-locking of 89 neurons in the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (DNLL) of the mustache bat to sinusoidally amplitude modulated (SAM) signals and the influence that GABAergic inhibition had on their response properties. Response properties were determined with tone bursts at each neuron's best frequency and then with a series of SAM signals that had modulation frequencies ranging from 50–100 to 800 Hz in 100-Hz steps. DNLL neurons were divided into two principal types: sustained neurons (55%), which responded throughout the duration of the tone burst, and onset neurons (45%), which responded only at the beginning of the tone burst. Sustained and onset neurons responded differently to SAM signals. Sustained neurons responded with phase-locked discharges to modulation frequencies ≤400–800 Hz. In contrast, 70% of the onset neurons phase-locked only to low modulation frequencies of 100–300 Hz, whereas 30% of the onset neurons did not phase-lock to any modulation frequency. Signal intensity differentially affected the phase-locking of sustained and onset neurons. Sustained neurons exhibited tight phase-locking only at low intensities, 10–30 dB above threshold. Onset neurons, in contrast, maintained strong phase-locking even at relatively high intensities. Blocking GABAergic inhibition with bicuculline had different effects on the phase-locking of sustained and onset neurons. In sustained neurons, there was an overall decline in phase-locking at all modulation frequencies. In contrast, 70% of the onset neurons phase-locked to much higher modulation frequencies than they did when inhibition was intact. The other 30% of onset neurons phase-locked to SAM signals, although they fired only with an onset response to the same signals before inhibition was blocked. In both cases, blocking GABAergic inhibition transformed their responses to SAM signals into patterns that were more like those of sustained neurons. We also propose mechanisms that could explain the differential effects of GABAergic inhibition on onset neurons that locked to low modulation frequencies and on onset neurons that did not lock to any SAM signals before inhibition was blocked. The key features of the proposed mechanisms are the absolute latencies and temporal synchrony of the excitatory and inhibitory inputs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document