Mating call recognition in the green treefrog (Hyla cinerea): Importance of two frequency bands as a function of sound pressure level

1981 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Carl Gerhardt
Keyword(s):  
Sound Pressure Level ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Hyla Cinerea ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Call Recognition ◽  
Mating Call ◽  
Green Treefrog

The Significance of Some Spectral Features in Mating Call Recognition in the Green Treefrog (Hyla Cinerea)

1974 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. CARL GERHARDT
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Features ◽  
Optimal Frequency ◽  
Hyla Cinerea ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Bimodal Stimulus ◽  
Call Recognition ◽  
Mating Call ◽  
Spectral Peaks ◽  
Green Treefrog ◽  
Green Treefrogs

1. Synthetic calls with a waveform periodicity of 300/sec and a bimodal spectrum attracted female green treefrogs as effectively as natural calls. 2. Effectiveness was markedly reduced if the relative amplitude of the two spectral peaks differed by as little as 10 dB. 3. Optimal frequency bands were 900-1100 Hz in the low range and 2700-3300 Hz in the high. 4. Addition of components at 1800 and 2100 Hz rendered the call less attractive. 5. In the absence of a bimodal stimulus, most females responded to a call containing a single spectral peak in the high or low range. 6. Mating call recognition in the green treefrog is compared with that in the bullfrog.

Mating Call Recognition in the Green Treefrog (Hyla Cinerea): The Significance of some Fine-temporal Properties

1978 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. CARL GERHARDT
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Properties ◽  
Species Recognition ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Hyla Cinerea ◽  
Temporal Properties ◽  
Call Recognition ◽  
Mating Call ◽  
Mating Calls ◽  
Green Treefrog ◽  
Green Treefrogs

1. Two hundred and eighty-eight female green treefrogs responded in two-choice experiments using synthetic calls. The spectral properties of the sounds were similar; the fine-temporal properties were systematically varied. 2. Females preferred sounds in which the waveform periodicity was about 300/s, a rate typical of natural mating calls. They discriminated strongly against calls with periodicities of 100/s, 60/s and 50/s. Aperiodic calls and calls with periodicities of 225/s and 900/s were intermediate in attractiveness. 3. The results of four experiments indicated that periodicity preferences depended on corresponding changes in the amplitude-time envelopes of the signals. 4. Neurophysiological correlations and the implications of the behavioural results are discussed. 5. The biological significance in species recognition and in the differentiation of the mating call from other signals in the repertoire of the green treefrog is discussed.

scholarly journals An experimental study of girder-borne sound pressure emission and acceleration

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 055-062
Author(s):  
Łukasz Szyszka
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Sound Pressure Level ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Correlation Factor ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Simply Supported ◽  
The Subject

The subject of the paper is an experimental study on girder-borne sound pressure emission. The sources of excitation are hammer and modal shaker. The structure researched is simply supported steel plate girder of the size: 7.95 m x 1.5 m. The study covers acceleration and sound pressure level measurements (SPL), and SPL estimation based on the accelerations measured. The correlation factor for higher estimation accuracy in lower frequency bands is proposed.

Contributions of Voice and Nonverbal Communication to Perceived Masculinity–Femininity for Cisgender and Transgender Communicators

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 931-947
Author(s):  
Teresa L. D. Hardy ◽  
Carol A. Boliek ◽  
Daniel Aalto ◽  
Justin Lewicke ◽  
Kristopher Wells ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Sound Pressure Level ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Presentation Mode ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Presentation Modes ◽  
Audiovisual Stimuli ◽  
Vocal Tract Resonance ◽  
Point Light

Purpose The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to identify a set of communication-based predictors (including both acoustic and gestural variables) of masculinity–femininity ratings and (b) to explore differences in ratings between audio and audiovisual presentation modes for transgender and cisgender communicators. Method The voices and gestures of a group of cisgender men and women ( n = 10 of each) and transgender women ( n = 20) communicators were recorded while they recounted the story of a cartoon using acoustic and motion capture recording systems. A total of 17 acoustic and gestural variables were measured from these recordings. A group of observers ( n = 20) rated each communicator's masculinity–femininity based on 30- to 45-s samples of the cartoon description presented in three modes: audio, visual, and audio visual. Visual and audiovisual stimuli contained point light displays standardized for size. Ratings were made using a direct magnitude estimation scale without modulus. Communication-based predictors of masculinity–femininity ratings were identified using multiple regression, and analysis of variance was used to determine the effect of presentation mode on perceptual ratings. Results Fundamental frequency, average vowel formant, and sound pressure level were identified as significant predictors of masculinity–femininity ratings for these communicators. Communicators were rated significantly more feminine in the audio than the audiovisual mode and unreliably in the visual-only mode. Conclusions Both study purposes were met. Results support continued emphasis on fundamental frequency and vocal tract resonance in voice and communication modification training with transgender individuals and provide evidence for the potential benefit of modifying sound pressure level, especially when a masculine presentation is desired.

Case study: Theoretical calculation model and variable condition analysis research on the water-splashing noise for natural draft wet cooling towers

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
Yang Zhouo ◽  
Ming Gao ◽  
Suoying He ◽  
Yuetao Shi ◽  
Fengzhong Sun
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Sound Pressure Level ◽  
Water Droplet ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Cooling Tower ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Cooling Towers

Based on the basic theory of water droplets impact noise, the generation mechanism and calculation model of the water-splashing noise for natural draft wet cooling towers were established in this study, and then by means of the custom software, the water-splashing noise was studied under different water droplet diameters and water-spraying densities as well as partition water distribution patterns conditions. Comparedwith the water-splashing noise of the field test, the average difference of the theoretical and the measured value is 0.82 dB, which validates the accuracy of the established theoretical model. The results based on theoretical model showed that, when the water droplet diameters are smaller in cooling tower, the attenuation of total sound pressure level of the water-splashing noise is greater. From 0 m to 8 m away from the cooling tower, the sound pressure level of the watersplashing noise of 3 mm and 6 mm water droplets decreases by 8.20 dB and 4.36 dB, respectively. Additionally, when the water-spraying density becomes twice of the designed value, the sound pressure level of water-splashing noise all increases by 3.01 dB for the cooling towers of 300 MW, 600 MW and 1000 MW units. Finally, under the partition water distribution patterns, the change of the sound pressure level is small. For the R s/2 and Rs/3 partition radius (Rs is the radius of water-spraying area), when the water-spraying density ratio between the outer and inner zone increases from 1 to 3, the sound pressure level of water-splashing noise increases by 0.7 dB and 0.3 dB, respectively.

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