Experiments concerning the cancellation theory of visual direction constancy

1970 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 456-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. -M. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Visual Direction ◽  
Direction Constancy

A theory of visual stability across saccadic eye movements

1994 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Bridgeman ◽  
A. H. C. Van der Heijden ◽  
Boris M. Velichkovsky
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Direction ◽  
Visual Stability ◽  
Perceptual Stability ◽  
Adequate Information ◽  
Psychological Evidence ◽  
Calibration Solution ◽  
Final Question ◽  
Direction Constancy

AbstractWe identify two aspects of the problem of maintaining perceptual stability despite an observer's eye movements. The first, visual direction constancy, is the (egocentric) stability of apparent positions of objects in the visual world relative to the perceiver. The second, visual position constancy, is the (exocentric) stability of positions of objects relative to each other. We analyze the constancy of visual direction despite saccadic eye movements.Three information sources have been proposed to enable the visual system to achieve stability: the structure of the visual field, proprioceptive inflow, and a copy of neural efference or outflow to the extraocular muscles. None of these sources by itself provides adequate information to achieve visual direction constancy; present evidence indicates that all three are used.Our final question concerns how information processing operations result in a stable world. The three traditionally suggested means have been elimination, translation, or evaluation. All are rejected. From a review of the physiological and psychological evidence we conclude that no subtraction, compensation, or evaluation need take place. The problem for which these solutions were developed turns out to be a false one. We propose a “calibration” solution: correct spatiotopic positions are calculated anew for each fixation. Inflow, outflow, and retinal sources are used in this calculation: saccadic suppression of displacement bridges the errors between these sources and the actual extent of movement.

scholarly journals Visual direction constancy across eyeblinks

2009 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 1607-1617 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Higgins ◽  
D. E. Irwin ◽  
R. F. Wang ◽  
L. E. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Visual Direction ◽  
Direction Constancy

scholarly journals The Direction of Walking—but Not Throwing or Kicking—Is Adapted by Optic Flow

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 1006-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Bruggeman ◽  
William H. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Optic Flow ◽  
Perception And Action ◽  
Functional Mapping ◽  
Visual Direction ◽  
Head Orientation ◽  
Functional Level ◽  
Coordinate Frames ◽  
Negative Aftereffect

Optic flow is known to adapt the direction of walking, but the locus of adaptation remains unknown. The effect could be due to realignment of anatomical eye, head, trunk, and leg coordinate frames or to recalibration of a functional mapping from the visual direction of the target to the direction of locomotion. We tested whether adaptation of walking to a target, with optic flow displaced by 10°, transfers to facing, throwing, and kicking a ball to the target. A negative aftereffect for initial walking direction failed to transfer to head orientation or throwing or kicking direction. Thus, participants effectively threw or kicked the ball to the target, and then walked in another direction to retrieve it. These findings are consistent with recalibration of a task-specific visuo-locomotor mapping, revealing a functional level of organization in perception and action.

scholarly journals The cyclopean eye is relevant for predicting visual direction

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (18) ◽  
pp. 2339-2345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mykola Khokhotva ◽  
Hiroshi Ono ◽  
Alistair P. Mapp
Keyword(s):  
Visual Direction

Influence of Ball and Background Patterns on Perception of Visual Direction of a Moving Object

1979 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcella V. Ridenour
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Moving Objects ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Moving Object ◽  
Visual Direction ◽  
Visual Patterns ◽  
Prediction Time ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

30 boys and 30 girls, 6 yr. old, participated in a study assessing the influence of the visual patterns of moving objects and their respective backgrounds on the prediction of objects' directionality. An apparatus was designed to permit modified spherical objects with interchangeable covers and backgrounds to move in three-dimensional space in three directions at selected speeds. The subject's task was to predict one of three possible directions of an object: the object either moved toward the subject's midline or toward a point 18 in. to the left or right of the midline. The movements of all objects started at the same place which was 19.5 ft. in front of the subject. Prediction time was recorded on 15 trials. Analysis of variance indicated that visual patterns of the moving object did not influence the prediction of the object's directionality. Visual patterns of the background behind the moving object did not influence the prediction of the object's directionality except during the conditions of a light nonpatterned moving object. It was concluded that visual patterns of the background and that of the moving object have a very limited influence on the prediction of direction.

Distributed spatial coding in the superior colliculus: A review

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. McIlwain
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Superior Colliculus ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Direction ◽  
Saccade Amplitude ◽  
Spatial Coding ◽  
Distributed Coding

AbstractThis paper reviews evidence that the superior colliculus (SC) of the midbrain represents visual direction and certain aspects of saccadic eye movements in the distribution of activity across a population of cells. Accurate and precise eye movements appear to be mediated, in part at least, by cells of the SC that have large sensory receptive fields and/or discharge in association with a range of saccades. This implies that visual points or saccade targets are represented by patches rather than points of activity in the SC. Perturbation of the pattern of collicular discharge by focal inactivation modifies saccade amplitude and direction in a way consistent with distributed coding. Several models have been advanced to explain how such a code might be implemented in the colliculus. Evidence related to these hypotheses is examined and continuing uncertainties are identified.

scholarly journals Heading toward distant targets: Optic flow and the recalibration of visual direction

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 385-385
Author(s):  
B. J. Rogers ◽  
O. E. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Optic Flow ◽  
Visual Direction
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