scholarly journals Filtering of behaviourally relevant temporal parameters of a grasshopper's song by an auditory interneuron

1988 ◽  
Vol 163 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Ronacher ◽  
Andreas Stumpner
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Parameters ◽  
Auditory Interneuron

scholarly journals Kinematic Analysis of Lower Limb Joint Asymmetry during Gait in People with Multiple Sclerosis

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 598
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Pau ◽  
Bruno Leban ◽  
Michela Deidda ◽  
Federica Putzolu ◽  
Micaela Porta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Camera Motion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Temporal Parameters ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Edss Score ◽  
Spatio Temporal

The majority of people with Multiple Sclerosis (pwMS), report lower limb motor dysfunctions, which may relevantly affect postural control, gait and a wide range of activities of daily living. While it is quite common to observe a different impact of the disease on the two limbs (i.e., one of them is more affected), less clear are the effects of such asymmetry on gait performance. The present retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to characterize the magnitude of interlimb asymmetry in pwMS, particularly as regards the joint kinematics, using parameters derived from angle-angle diagrams. To this end, we analyzed gait patterns of 101 pwMS (55 women, 46 men, mean age 46.3, average Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score 3.5, range 1–6.5) and 81 unaffected individuals age- and sex-matched who underwent 3D computerized gait analysis carried out using an eight-camera motion capture system. Spatio-temporal parameters and kinematics in the sagittal plane at hip, knee and ankle joints were considered for the analysis. The angular trends of left and right sides were processed to build synchronized angle–angle diagrams (cyclograms) for each joint, and symmetry was assessed by computing several geometrical features such as area, orientation and Trend Symmetry. Based on cyclogram orientation and Trend Symmetry, the results show that pwMS exhibit significantly greater asymmetry in all three joints with respect to unaffected individuals. In particular, orientation values were as follows: 5.1 of pwMS vs. 1.6 of unaffected individuals at hip joint, 7.0 vs. 1.5 at knee and 6.4 vs. 3.0 at ankle (p < 0.001 in all cases), while for Trend Symmetry we obtained at hip 1.7 of pwMS vs. 0.3 of unaffected individuals, 4.2 vs. 0.5 at knee and 8.5 vs. 1.5 at ankle (p < 0.001 in all cases). Moreover, the same parameters were sensitive enough to discriminate individuals of different disability levels. With few exceptions, all the calculated symmetry parameters were found significantly correlated with the main spatio-temporal parameters of gait and the EDSS score. In particular, large correlations were detected between Trend Symmetry and gait speed (with rho values in the range of –0.58 to –0.63 depending on the considered joint, p < 0.001) and between Trend Symmetry and EDSS score (rho = 0.62 to 0.69, p < 0.001). Such results suggest not only that MS is associated with significantly marked interlimb asymmetry during gait but also that such asymmetry worsens as the disease progresses and that it has a relevant impact on gait performances.

scholarly journals Optimization-Based Online Initialization and Calibration of Monocular Visual-Inertial Odometry Considering Spatial-Temporal Constraints

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2673
Author(s):  
Weibo Huang ◽  
Weiwei Wan ◽  
Hong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Data ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Bundle Adjustment ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Temporal Parameters ◽  
Work Routine ◽  
Initial States ◽  
Time Offset ◽  
Public Datasets ◽  
Metric Scale

The online system state initialization and simultaneous spatial-temporal calibration are critical for monocular Visual-Inertial Odometry (VIO) since these parameters are either not well provided or even unknown. Although impressive performance has been achieved, most of the existing methods are designed for filter-based VIOs. For the optimization-based VIOs, there is not much online spatial-temporal calibration method in the literature. In this paper, we propose an optimization-based online initialization and spatial-temporal calibration method for VIO. The method does not need any prior knowledge about spatial and temporal configurations. It estimates the initial states of metric-scale, velocity, gravity, Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) biases, and calibrates the coordinate transformation and time offsets between the camera and IMU sensors. The work routine of the method is as follows. First, it uses a time offset model and two short-term motion interpolation algorithms to align and interpolate the camera and IMU measurement data. Then, the aligned and interpolated results are sent to an incremental estimator to estimate the initial states and the spatial–temporal parameters. After that, a bundle adjustment is additionally included to improve the accuracy of the estimated results. Experiments using both synthetic and public datasets are performed to examine the performance of the proposed method. The results show that both the initial states and the spatial-temporal parameters can be well estimated. The method outperforms other contemporary methods used for comparison.

Measurement of the Spatial and Temporal Parameters of Gait

Physiotherapy ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
HT Law ◽  
RA Minns
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Parameters

A small vocal repertoire during the breeding season expresses complex behavioral motivations and individual signature in the common coot

BMC Zoology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Changjian Fu ◽  
Atul Kathait ◽  
Guangyi Lu ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Feng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Vocal Repertoire ◽  
Call Type ◽  
Temporal Parameters ◽  
Fulica Atra ◽  
Individual Signature ◽  
Behavioral Activities ◽  
Types Of Information

Abstract Background Although acoustic communication plays an essential role in the social interactions of Rallidae, our knowledge of how Rallidae encode diverse types of information using simple vocalizations is limited. We recorded and examined the vocalizations of a common coot (Fulica atra) population during the breeding season to test the hypotheses that 1) different call types can be emitted under different behavioral contexts, and 2) variation in the vocal structure of a single call type may be influenced both by behavioral motivations and individual signature. We measured a total of 61 recordings of 30 adults while noting the behavioral activities in which individuals were engaged. We compared several acoustic parameters of the same call type emitted under different behavioral activities to determine how frequency and temporal parameters changed depending on behavioral motivations and individual differences. Results We found that adult common coots had a small vocal repertoire, including 4 types of call, composed of a single syllable that was used during 9 types of behaviors. The 4 calls significantly differed in both frequency and temporal parameters and can be clearly distinguished by discriminant function analysis. Minimum frequency of fundamental frequency (F0min) and duration of syllable (T) contributed the most to acoustic divergence between calls. Call a was the most commonly used (in 8 of the 9 behaviors detected), and maximum frequency of fundamental frequency (F0max) and interval of syllables (TI) contributed the most to variation in call a. Duration of syllable (T) in a single call a can vary with different behavioral motivations after individual vocal signature being controlled. Conclusions These results demonstrate that several call types of a small repertoire, and a single call with function-related changes in the temporal parameter in common coots could potentially indicate various behavioral motivations and individual signature. This study advances our knowledge of how Rallidae use “simple” vocal systems to express diverse motivations and provides new models for future studies on the role of vocalization in avian communication and behavior.

scholarly journals The effects of spectral and temporal parameters on perceived confirmation of an auditory non-speech signal

2015 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
pp. EL127-EL132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xaver Bodendörfer ◽  
Reinier Kortekaas ◽  
Markus Weingarten ◽  
Sabine Schlittmeier
Keyword(s):  
Speech Signal ◽  
Temporal Parameters
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