The effect of cold exposure on fluid balance, circulating arginine vasopressin concentration and milk secretion in the goat

1980 ◽  
Vol 383 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Euan M. Thomson ◽  
Mary L. Forsling ◽  
Gordon E. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Balance ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Milk Secretion

Fluid balance and milk secretion in the fed and feed-deprived black Moroccan goat

1993 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hossaini-Hilali ◽  
S. Benlamlih ◽  
K. Dahlborn
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Balance ◽  
Milk Secretion

Value of fluid and electrolyte supplements in subarctic survival situations

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 580-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence A. Rogers ◽  
James A. Setliff
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Fluid Balance ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
High Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Water Intake ◽  
Ad Libitum

After 48 hr on a standard diet indoors, 30 men were subjected to cold and starvation in the winter subarctic. During the fast, ten men got 230 mEq NaCl each, ten got 115 mEq NaCl plus 115 mEq NaHCO3, and the other ten got a placebo. Of each group of ten, five had water ad libitum and the other five each had a “forced” intake of 1,920 ml. In each electrolyte-supplemented group, those with the high water intake dehydrated to the same extent as those drinking ad libitum. Those getting NaCl or NaCl plus NaHCO3 lost a mean of about 1 kg less weight than those in the placebo groups. The NaHCO3 did not diminish the fasting acidosis. cold exposure; fasting; fluid balance; starvation Submitted on January 22, 1964

Relaxin alters the plasma osmolality-arginine vasopressin relationship in the rat

1993 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Weisinger ◽  
P. Burns ◽  
L. W. Eddie ◽  
E. M. Wintour
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fluid Balance ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Log P ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Pregnant Rat

ABSTRACT During pregnancy, in women and the rat, there is a resetting of the plasma osmolality–arginine vasopressin relationship (Posmol/PAVP) such that a decrease in Posmol is maintained without suppression of PAVP. This occurs at a time when relaxin is detectable in plasma. The hypothesis tested here was that relaxin could alter the Posmol/PAVP in the non-pregnant rat. One group of ovariectomized rats (n = 15) was treated for 7 days with intravenous synthetic human relaxin (10 μg/h) in 10 pi 0·9% (w/v) NaCl. Controls were two groups of rats either with no treatment (n = 15) or treated with vehicle alone (n = 15). One-third of each group received hypertonic saline (0·4 mol NaCl/l, 2 ml/100 g body weight i.p.) on day 7, and one-third were deprived of water for the final 24 h. All rats were killed by decapitation and blood was collected rapidly (<40 s) for hormone and osmolality assays. The Posmol in all relaxin-treated rats was significantly (P < 0·001) lower than that in both control groups, but the PAVP was unchanged. The log PAVP/Posmol regression line was significantly shifted in elevation (P <0·001) but not in slope. Thus treatment of ovariectomized rats with relaxin caused changes in fluid balance which mimic those occurring in normal pregnancy. Journal of Endocrinology (1993) 137, 505–510

scholarly journals A metered intake of milk following exercise and thermal dehydration restores whole-body net fluid balance better than a carbohydrate–electrolyte solution or water in healthy young men

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (6) ◽  
pp. 1013-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Seery ◽  
Philip Jakeman
Keyword(s):  
Electrolyte Solution ◽  
Fluid Balance ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Thermal Dehydration ◽  
Fluid Ingestion ◽  
Better Than

AbstractAppropriate rehydration and nutrient intake in recovery is a key component of exercise performance. This study investigated whether the recovery of body net fluid balance (NFB) following exercise and thermal dehydration to −2 % of body mass (BM) was enhanced by a metered rate of ingestion of milk (M) compared with a carbohydrate–electrolyte solution (CE) or water (W). In randomised order, seven active men (aged 26·2 (sd 6·1) years) undertook exercise and thermal dehydration to −2 % of BM on three occasions. A metered replacement volume of M, CE or W equivalent to 150 % of the BM loss was then consumed within 2–3 h. NFB was subsequently measured for 5 h from commencement of rehydration. A higher overall NFB in M than CE (P=0·001) and W (P=0·006) was observed, with no difference between CE and W (P=0·69). After 5 h, NFB in M remained positive (+117 (sd 122) ml) compared with basal, and it was greater than W (−539 (sd 390) ml, P=0·011) but not CE (−381 (sd 460) ml, P=0·077, d=1·6). Plasma osmolality (Posm) and K remained elevated above basal in M compared with CE and W. The change in Posm was associated with circulating pre-provasopressin (rs 0·348, P<0·001), a biomarker of arginine vasopressin, but could not account fully for the augmented NFB in M compared with CE and W. These data suggest that a metered approach to fluid ingestion acts in synergy with the nutrient composition of M in the restoration of NFB following exercise and thermal dehydration.

Salt consumption and body fluid balance during cold exposure in rats

1994 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Yoshida ◽  
Tadashi Okuno ◽  
Takashi Kawabata ◽  
Taketoshi Morimoto
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Balance ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Salt Consumption ◽  
Body Fluid Balance

Effects of arginine vasopressin on hemodynamics and lung fluid balance in lambs

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (3) ◽  
pp. H641-H647 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Gest ◽  
A. A. Moise ◽  
T. N. Hansen ◽  
S. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Fluid Balance ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Lung Fluid ◽  
Lung Fluid Balance ◽  
Lung Lymph

The purpose of this project was to study the effects of increased plasma concentrations of arginine vasopressin (AVP) on hemodynamics and lung fluid balance in lambs. We studied 16 unanesthetized newborn lambs during a base-line period and while infusing AVP into a hindlimb vein at 1.65 +/- 0.12 and 2.98 +/- 0.15 mU.kg-1.min-1. We measured aortic, pulmonary arterial, and left atrial pressures and heart rate continuously and cardiac output at frequent intervals. In five additional experiments, we collected samples of pure lung lymph during a base-line period and while infusing AVP at 2.02 +/- 0.15 mU.kg-1.min-1. AVP infusion increased plasma concentrations of AVP to 11.3 +/- 5.2 and 19.9 +/- 5.2 microU/ml at the low and high rates of infusion, respectively. Both aortic and left atrial pressures increased at the low rate of infusion (11 and 3 Torr, respectively) but remained unchanged at the higher rate. Systemic vascular resistance increased, and heart rate and cardiac output decreased at each rate of infusion. In fact, at the higher rate of infusion cardiac output decreased 38% when compared with base line. Neither pulmonary artery pressure nor pulmonary vascular resistance was affected by infusion of AVP. Despite the increase in left atrial pressure, the rate of lung lymph flow was not affected by the infusion of AVP, whereas the lymph-to-plasma protein ratio decreased slightly but significantly from 0.64 +/- 0.02 to 0.60 +/- 0.02.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Sucrose and Sodium but not Caffeine Content Influence the Retention of Beverages in Humans Under Euhydrated Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald J. Maughan ◽  
Phillip Watson ◽  
Philip A.A. Cordery ◽  
Neil P. Walsh ◽  
Samuel J. Oliver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Fluid Balance ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Urine Output ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Fluid Retention ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Fluid Delivery ◽  
Key Drivers

This study systematically examined the influence of carbohydrate (sucrose), sodium, and caffeine on the fluid retention potential of beverages under euhydrated conditions, using the beverage hydration index method. Three cohorts, each of 12 young, healthy, active men, ingested 1 L of beverages containing four different concentrations of a single component (sucrose, sodium, or caffeine) in a double-blind, crossover manner. Urine output was collected for the subsequent 4 hr. Cumulative urine output was lower and net fluid balance was higher after 10 and 20% sucrose beverages than 0 and 5% sucrose beverages (p < .05), and after 27 and 52 mmol/L sodium beverages than 7 and 15 mmol/L sodium beverages (p < .05). No difference in urine output or net fluid balance was apparent following ingestion of caffeine at concentrations of 0–400 mg/L (p = .83). Consequently, the calculated beverage hydration index was greater in beverages with higher sucrose or sodium content, but caffeine had no effect. No difference was observed in arginine vasopressin or aldosterone between any trials. These data highlight that the key drivers promoting differences in the fluid retention potential of beverages when euhydrated are energy density, likely through slowed fluid delivery to the circulation (carbohydrate content effect), or electrolyte content through improved fluid retention (sodium content effect). These data demonstrate that beverage carbohydrate and sodium content influence fluid delivery and retention in the 4 hr after ingestion, but caffeine up to 400 mg/L does not. Athletes and others can use this information to guide their daily hydration practices.

scholarly journals Cold exposure and mammary glucose metabolism in thelactating goat

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Faulkner ◽  
E. M. Thomson ◽  
J. M. Bassett ◽  
G. E. Thomsont
Keyword(s):  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Milk Secretion ◽  
Irreversible Loss ◽  
Cold Environments ◽  
Simultaneous Measurements ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Arterial Plasma

1. [U-14C]glucose was infused intravenously into conscious lactating goats exposed to thermoneutral or cold environments for a total of 24 h. The irreversible loss of glucose from the whole body and uptake of glucose by the mammary gland was measured and glucose utilization in the udder was studied by measuring the incorporation of radioactivity into carbon dioxide in mammary venous blood, into milk lactose and milk triglyceride-glycerol.2. Exposure to cold increased the circulating level of glucose and slightly, though not significantly, increased the non-mammary irreversible loss of glucose.3. The extraction of glucose from the circulation by the udder fell, the secretion of lactose by the udder also fell and this correlated closely with the reduced secretion of milk in the cold.4. Simultaneous measurements of the concentrations of insulin, growth hormone and corticosteroids in the arterial plasma were made.5. The plasma concentration of corticosteroids increased significantly in the cold.6. It is concluded that reduced glucose uptake and lactose synthesis by the udder are important factors which reduce milk secretion during cold exposure.

Arginine Vasopressin, Fluid Balance and Exercise

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 459-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Hew-Butler
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Balance ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin
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