Cardiac hypertrophy, capillary and muscle fiber density, muscle fiber diameter, capillary radius and diffusion distance in the myocardium of growing rats adapted to a simulated altitude of 3500 m

1972 ◽  
Vol 335 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Turek ◽  
M. Grandtner ◽  
F. Kreuzer
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Simulated Altitude ◽  
Diffusion Distance ◽  
Fiber Density ◽  
Capillary Radius ◽  
Growing Rats ◽  
And Diffusion

scholarly journals Muscle Fiber Diameter and Density Alterations after Stroke Examined by Single-Fiber EMG

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Chengjun Huang ◽  
Bo Yao ◽  
Xiaoyan Li ◽  
Sheng Li ◽  
Ping Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Quadratic Function ◽  
Motor Units ◽  
Single Fiber ◽  
Fiber Density ◽  
Negative Peak ◽  
Hemiparetic Stroke ◽  
Muscle Changes ◽  
Contralateral Muscle

This study presents single-fiber electromyography (EMG) analysis for assessment of paretic muscle changes after stroke. Single-fiber action potentials (SFAPs) were recorded from the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle bilaterally in 12 individuals with hemiparetic stroke. The SFAP parameters, including the negative peak duration and the peak-peak amplitude, were measured and further used to estimate muscle fiber diameter through a model based on the quadratic function. The SFAP parameters, fiber density, and muscle fiber diameter derived from the model were compared between the paretic and contralateral muscles. The results show that SFAPs recorded from the paretic muscle had significantly smaller negative peak duration than that from the contralateral muscle. As a result, the derived muscle fiber diameter of the paretic muscle was significantly smaller than that of the contralateral muscle. The fiber density of the paretic muscle was significantly higher than that of the contralateral muscle. These results provide further evidence of remodeled motor units after stroke and suggest that paretic muscle weakness can be due to both complex central and peripheral neuromuscular alterations.

Quantitative Diameter Measurements of Chromatin and TMV Fibers in the Freeze-Dried State

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 170-171
Author(s):  
B. D. Athey ◽  
A. L. Stout ◽  
M. F. Smith ◽  
J. P. Langmore
Keyword(s):  
Reliable Method ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Quantitative Agreement ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Fiber Axis ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Fiber Density ◽  
Variable Diameter ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Expected Values

Although there is general agreement that Inactive chromosome fibers consist of helically packed nucleosomes, the pattern of packing is still undetermined. Only one of the proposed models, the crossed-linker model, predicts a variable diameter dependent on the length of DNA between nucleosomes. Measurements of the fiber diameter of negatively-stained and frozen- hydrated- chromatin from Thyone sperm (87bp linker) and Necturus erythrocytes (48bp linker) have been previously reported from this laboratory. We now introduce a more reliable method of measuring the diameters of electron images of fibrous objects. The procedure uses a modified version of the computer program TOTAL, which takes a two-dimensional projection of the fiber density (represented by the micrograph itself) and projects it down the fiber axis onto one dimension. We illustrate this method using high contrast, in-focus STEM images of TMV and chromatin from Thyone and Necturus. The measured diameters are in quantitative agreement with the expected values for the crossed-linker model for chromatin structure

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Paper Mulberry (Broussonetia Papyrifera) on Growth Performance and Muscle Quality of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1655
Author(s):  
Tao Tang ◽  
Jinhai Bai ◽  
Zhipeng Ao ◽  
Zehong Wei ◽  
Yi Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Grass Carp ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broussonetia Papyrifera

The present study investigated the effects of dietary paper mulberry (Broussonetia Papyrifera, BP) on growth performance, muscle quality and muscle growth-related mRNA expressions of grass carp. Fish (initial weight: 50.0 ± 0.5 g) were fed diets supplemented with 0% (control diet), 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% BP for 8 weeks. The results showed that increasing levels of paper mulberry linearly and quadratically decreased the special gain rate (SGR) and increased the feed conversion rate (FCR) of grass carp (p < 0.05). Significantly positive quadratic trends were found between paper mulberry levels and muscle crude fat or crude protein of grass carp (p < 0.05). In comparison to the control diet, the 10%BP and 15%BP groups had significantly decreased muscle crude fat and increased crude protein (p < 0.05). The levels of paper mulberry resulted in a linear and quadratic increase in water loss of grass carp muscle (p < 0.05), and all groups with paper mulberry supplementation were significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.05). Significant positive linear and quadratic trends were found between the paper mulberry levels and muscle fiber diameter or density of grass carp (p < 0.05). In comparison to the control diet, the significant differences were found in the 15%BP and 20%BP groups (p < 0.05). The muscle adhesiveness and hardness linearly and quadratically increased with the increasing levels of paper mulberry (p < 0.05), and both of which increased significantly when the level of paper mulberry reached 10% (p < 0.05). In addition, the increase in paper mulberry linearly and quadratically improved the expressions of myoblast determination protein (MyoD), myogenin (MyoG), paired box protein 7 (Pax7) and myostatin 1 (MSTN1) (p < 0.05). When the supplementation of paper mulberry reached 15%, the expressions of all these mRNAs were significantly higher than those of the control group (p < 0.05). In summary, adding 5% paper mulberry did not affect the growth of grass carp. However, the supplementation of 10% paper mulberry could improve muscle quality through improving muscle hardness, reducing fat accumulation and muscle fiber diameter, at the cost of reducing growth performance.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Rat Muscle Structure in Pre-Menopausal Period after Regular Resistance Exercise and Taking Vitamin D and Calcium Supplements

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Zahra Hosseini Sisi ◽  
Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani ◽  
Mohammad Reza Vafaeenasab ◽  
Maghsoud Peeri ◽  
Mohammad Reza Dehghani
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Calcium Supplements

Introduction: Menopause can change the musculoskeletal system by reducing estrogen hormone levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of regular resistance training accompanied by vitamins D and calcium supplements during pre-menopausal period on muscle tissues of Wistar rats’ postmenopausal period. Methods: In this experimental study, female Wistar rats were randomly divided into control, placebo, vitamins D, Calcium, excercise, vitamins D- Calcium, vitamins.D- excercise, Calcium - excercise, and vitamins.D‐ Calcium - excercise groups. Control and placebo groups were fed with a standard diet and sesame oil, respectively. The amount of calcium consumed was 35 mg / kg and the amount of vitamin D was 10000 IU during the two-month period, and in the resistance training groups, two months of training was performed with a ladder. Then ovariectomy was done and sample of the gastrocnemius muscle was taken and the diameter of muscle fiber, the number of muscle and adipocyte cell as well as the number of inflammatory cells were studied. The statistical analysis by means of one-way ANOVA and SPSS version 20 was performed. Results: Compared to the control group, the increase in the number of adipocyte cells were observed in the vitamin D, calcium-vitamin D, vitamin D-resistance exercise and placebo groups but it was not significantly different. Muscle fiber diameter significantly increased in all groups compared to the control group (P <0.001). The number of muscle cells increased significantly in the calcium-resistance exercise group (103± 9), vitamin D-resistance exercise (105 ±6.9) and calcium-vitamin D-resistance exercise (114 ± 3.16) compared to the control group, while, there was a significant increase in inflammatory cells only in the control and placebo groups (p≤0.05). Conclusion: Regular resistance exercise accompanied with vitamin D and Calcium supplements in premenopausal period can improve muscle fiber diameter and muscle cell numbers; in addition, the process of decrease in the muscle strength and muscle inflammation during menopause will be delayed.

Electrospun Polyacrylonitrile-Keratin Derived Carbon Nanofiber as Electrode for Asymmetric Supercapacitor

2021 ◽  
Vol 878 ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
Joel L. Villanueva ◽  
Gabriel Angelo Tapas ◽  
Jezza B. Bayot ◽  
Menandro C. Marquez ◽  
Ruth R. Aquino
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanofiber ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Protein Solution ◽  
Nanosized Materials ◽  
Triangular Shape ◽  
Double Layer Capacitor ◽  
Polymeric Solutions ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
A Current

Electrospinning is one method to produce nanosized materials in a form of fibers with a large variety of polymeric solutions. In this research, Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) dissolved in N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) as the primary solvent, loaded with keratin protein solution, was blended using the said fabrication method to change its properties. The loading of the keratin solution concentrates varied from 5%, 7%, and 10% relative to the volume of the solution. The PAN-keratinnano substances were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), and Galvanostatic Cycling with Potential Limitation (GCPL) to illustrate the properties of the fiber. The SEM micrographs showed that upon adding keratin into the PAN the diameter lengths of the imaged fibers were still nanofiber. As the viscosity of the solution is increased, the beads become bigger, the average distance between beads and the fiber diameter increases, and the shape of the beadings changes from spherical to spindle-like. In addition, CV and GCPL revealed that as the potential scan rate is being increased, the surrounded area of the CV also increases. The presence of redox peaks implies that a faradaic process occurs. The migration and diffusion of ions can be supported by the carbonized fibers. GCPL shows the triangular shape with symmetric charging and discharging slopes at a current density of 0.5mah, 1mah, 1.5mah and 2.5mah, confirming that the electrodes behave as a pure electric double layer capacitor (EDLC).

529 Late-Breaking: Effects of in Ovo Injection of High Yield Broilers with Nicotinamide Riboside on Pectoralis Major Morphometrics, Muscle Fiber Density, and mRNA Expression

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 26-26
Author(s):  
Xiaoxing Xu ◽  
Hanna M Alcocer ◽  
Morgan E Gravely ◽  
Kari K Turner ◽  
John M Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Sirtuin 1 ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Fiber Density ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Nicotinamide Riboside ◽  
In Ovo Injection ◽  
Main Effects

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effects of in ovo injection of high yield broilers with nicotinamide riboside (NR) on broiler pectoralis major muscle (PMM) development, growth, and mRNA expression. Fertilized Cobb 700 broiler eggs were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments within a 2×2 factorial design with NR dose (DOS; 0 or 2.5 mM) and injection location (LOC; albumen or yolk) as main effects. Eggs were injected with their assigned treatment at d 10 of incubation. Day-15 and -18 embryos and hatched chicks were euthanized, right PMM and muscle fiber morphometric measurements were collected, and left PMM were utilized for mRNA expression analysis of sirtuin-1 and cyclin D1, 2 and 3. There were no LOC×DOS interactions or main effects for d-15 and -18 PMM measurements (P &gt; 0.23). There were LOC×DOS interactions for hatched chick PMM weight and length, and muscle fiber density (P &lt; 0.04). When NR was injected into the albumen, PMM weight decreased (P = 0.02) and length and fiber density were unaffected (P &gt; 0.33), while PMM weight and fiber density increased when NR was injected into the yolk (P &lt; 0.05). There were no LOC×DOS interactions for all genes analyzed for d-15 and 18-embryos (P &gt; 0.23), but NR embryos had greater expression of all genes (P &lt; 0.03) except d-18 cyclin-D2 (P = 0.08). There were LOC×DOS interactions for hatched chick expression of all genes (P &lt; 0.04). There was no difference in sirturin-1 expression when chicks were injected with 0 mM NR, but 2.5-mM yolk chicks had greater expression than 2.5-mM albumen chicks. When NR was injected into the albumen, expression of all cyclins was unaffected (P &gt; 0.08), while expression increased when NR was injected into the yolk (P &lt; 0.01). Increased expression of sirturin-1 and the cyclins may be responsible for NR catalyzed increase in PMM weight and fiber density.

P62-F Estimation of the muscle fiber diameter from single fiber potentials: A simulation study

2019 ◽  
Vol 130 (7) ◽  
pp. e85
Author(s):  
Imran Goker ◽  
Mehmet Baris Baslo ◽  
Peyman Mahouti
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Single Fiber
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