Pursuit eye movements and their neural control in the monkey

1978 ◽  
Vol 377 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Eckmiller ◽  
Manfred Mackeben
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Pursuit Eye Movements

Supplementary Eye Fields Stimulation Facilitates Anticipatory Pursuit

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 1257-1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Missal ◽  
S. J. Heinen
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Smooth Pursuit ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Target Motion ◽  
Motor Systems ◽  
Electrical Microstimulation ◽  
Pursuit Eye Movements ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Anticipatory Smooth Eye Movements ◽  
Supplementary Eye Fields

Anticipatory movements are motor responses occurring before likely sensory events in contrast to reflexive actions. Anticipatory movements are necessary to compensate for delays present in sensory and motor systems. Smooth pursuit eye movements are often used as a paradigmatic example for the study of anticipation. However, the neural control of anticipatory pursuit is unknown. A previous study suggested that the supplementary eye fields (SEFs) could play a role in the guidance of smooth pursuit to predictable target motion. In this study, we favored anticipatory responses in monkeys by making the parameters of target motion highly predictable and electrically stimulated the SEF before and during this behavior. Stimulation sites were restricted to regions of the SEF where saccades could not be evoked at the same low currents. We found that electrical microstimulation in the SEF increased the velocity of anticipatory pursuit movements and decreased their latency. These effects will be referred to as anticipatory pursuit facilitation. The degree of facilitation was the largest if the stimulation train was delivered near the end of the fixation period, before the moment when anticipatory pursuit usually begins. No anticipatory smooth eye movements could be evoked during fixation without an expectation of target motion. These results suggest that the SEF pursuit area might be involved in the process of guiding anticipatory pursuit.

scholarly journals Role of Primate Cerebellar Hemisphere in Voluntary Eye Movement Control Revealed by Lesion Effects

2009 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 934-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masafumi Ohki ◽  
Hiromasa Kitazawa ◽  
Takahito Hiramatsu ◽  
Kimitake Kaga ◽  
Taiko Kitamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Smooth Pursuit ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Cerebellar Hemisphere ◽  
Target Velocity ◽  
Eye Movement Control ◽  
Pursuit Eye Movements ◽  
Catch Up

The anatomical connection between the frontal eye field and the cerebellar hemispheric lobule VII (H-VII) suggests a potential role of the hemisphere in voluntary eye movement control. To reveal the involvement of the hemisphere in smooth pursuit and saccade control, we made a unilateral lesion around H-VII and examined its effects in three Macaca fuscata that were trained to pursue visually a small target. To the step (3°)-ramp (5–20°/s) target motion, the monkeys usually showed an initial pursuit eye movement at a latency of 80–140 ms and a small catch-up saccade at 140–220 ms that was followed by a postsaccadic pursuit eye movement that roughly matched the ramp target velocity. After unilateral cerebellar hemispheric lesioning, the initial pursuit eye movements were impaired, and the velocities of the postsaccadic pursuit eye movements decreased. The onsets of 5° visually guided saccades to the stationary target were delayed, and their amplitudes showed a tendency of increased trial-to-trial variability but never became hypo- or hypermetric. Similar tendencies were observed in the onsets and amplitudes of catch-up saccades. The adaptation of open-loop smooth pursuit velocity, tested by a step increase in target velocity for a brief period, was impaired. These lesion effects were recognized in all directions, particularly in the ipsiversive direction. A recovery was observed at 4 wk postlesion for some of these lesion effects. These results suggest that the cerebellar hemispheric region around lobule VII is involved in the control of smooth pursuit and saccadic eye movements.

scholarly journals The Impact of Neonatal Morbidities on Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements in Very Preterm Infants

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 352-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Strand Brodd ◽  
K Rosander ◽  
H Grönqvist ◽  
G Holmström ◽  
B Strömberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Smooth Pursuit ◽  
Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements ◽  
Very Preterm Infants ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Pursuit Eye Movements ◽  
The Impact

Vision without Contours: Study of Visual Information from Ordinal Stimulation

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Sensitivity Threshold ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Stimulus Motion ◽  
Pursuit Eye Movements ◽  
Illuminance Level ◽  
Sinusoidal Pattern ◽  
Moving Pattern ◽  
Sinusoidal Function

Continuous change of illuminance over retinal area in accordance with the sinusoidal function was studied as a stimulus for the human visual system. Its efficiency in controlling pursuit eye movements was compared with that of a stepwise luminance function (square wave). Such distributions of luminance were generated on a cathode ray screen (wavelength at the eye 9° and 3°) and were given a small translatory motion (2° – 12′). Ss were instructed to follow the moving pattern with pursuit eye movements. There is no difference in performance between the two types of brightness distributions. A stimulus motion of 24′ was sufficient to produce full evidence of eye tracking in all Ss also from the contour-free sinusoidal pattern. This means that the brightness change in every point of the CRT screen was far below the retinal sensitivity threshold at the illuminance level used. Thus a summation effect occurs. This was taken as a support for an hypothesis about “ordinal” stimulation. Arguments from modern neurophysiology are introduced and yield further support for the conclusion.

Effect of amphetamine on saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements

1983 ◽  
Vol 79 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 190-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Tedeschi ◽  
P. R. M. Bittencourt ◽  
A. T. Smith ◽  
A. Richens
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Smooth Pursuit ◽  
Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements ◽  
Pursuit Eye Movements

Smooth-pursuit eye movements, and diazepam, CPZ, and secobarbital

1975 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip S. Holzman ◽  
Deborah L. Levy ◽  
Eberhard H. Uhlenhuth ◽  
Leonard R. Proctor ◽  
Daniel X. Freedman
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Smooth Pursuit ◽  
Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements ◽  
Pursuit Eye Movements
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