Influence of growth rate on specific gravity and other selected properties of loblolly pine

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Yao
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Loblolly Pine

Influence of tree age and growth rate on the radial resin duct system in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda)

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1046-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. DeAngelis ◽  
T. E. Nebeker ◽  
J. D. Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Tangential Plane ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Resin Duct

Formation of radial resin ducts and their associated secretory cells in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) is influenced by the age and growth rate of the annual ring in which the ducts are formed. The spatial pattern of radial ducts on the tangential plane is nonrandom, exhibiting a regular or dispersed pattern. A significantly higher density of radial ducts was found in the inner, first-formed growth rings at all heights within the tree. Radial duct formation was found to be positively correlated with radial growth rate, when growth rate is expressed as increment of cross-sectional area growth. These findings may partially explain why older, slower growing trees tend to be more susceptible to attack by the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, and associated microorganisms, since the resin-producing system is a primary defense against these agents.

Place of Wood Specific Gravity in the Development of Advanced-Generation Seed Orchards and Breeding Programs

1982 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-180
Author(s):  
J. B. Jett ◽  
J. T. Talbert
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
The North ◽  
Wood Specific Gravity ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Advanced Generation

Abstract Data from thinnings of 11 genetic tests with an average age of 10 years and from 364 eight-year-old second-generation selections were analyzed to provide an estimate of gain from one cycle of selection for wood specific gravity. Utilizing mid-parent, mature, wood specific gravities and progeny juvenile wood specific gravities, coefficients of genetic prediction, CGP = 0.55 and 0.41, were calculated for the genetic test thinning sample and second-generation selection sample. Expressed as a percentage of the mean, gain from selection was calculated to be 2.6 percent. A strategy was also developed to include wood specific gravity in the North Carolina State Cooperative's second-generation loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) improvement program. High heritability figures indicate little need to develop extensive family information for wood specific gravity in advanced-generation breeding programs.

Effect of midrotation fertilization on growth and specific gravity of loblolly pine

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 928-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Finto Antony ◽  
Lewis Jordan ◽  
Richard F. Daniels ◽  
Laurence R. Schimleck ◽  
Alexander Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wood Property ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Property Changes

Wood properties and growth were measured on breast-height cores and on disks collected at different heights from a thinned and fertilized midrotation loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda L.) plantation in the lower Coastal Plain of North Carolina. The study was laid out in a randomized complete-block design receiving four levels of nitrogen (N) fertilizer: unfertilized control and 112, 224, and 336 kg/ha plus 28 kg/ha of phosphorus with each treatment. The effect of fertilization was analyzed for the whole-disk and for a 4 year average following fertilization on data collected from breast-height cores and from disks. The fertilization treatments did not significantly affect whole-disk wood properties but significantly increased radial growth. Fertilization rate of 336 kg/ha N significantly reduced 4 year average ring specific gravity and latewood specific gravity. Wood properties of trees that received 112 and 224 kg/ha N were not affected following treatment. There was no height related trend in wood property changes due to fertilization. Fertilization significantly increased ring basal area and earlywood basal area. In summary, there was a decline in wood properties and an increase in basal area growth immediately after fertilization; both depended on the rate of fertilizer applied irrespective of height.

Average radial growth rate and chlamydospore production of Ceratocystis minor, Ceratocystis minor var. barrasii, and SJB 122 in culture

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 3498-3505 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Goldhammer ◽  
Frederick M. Stephen ◽  
Timothy D. Paine
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Radial Growth Rate ◽  
Acid Media ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Ceratocystis Minor

Two symbiotic fungi (SJB 122, an unidentified basidiomycete, and Ceratocystis minor (Hedgecock) Hunt variety barrasii Taylor) and one pathogenic phoretic fungus (C. minor (Hedgecock) Hunt variety minor) of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, were inoculated onto six different concentrations of D. frontalis frass, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) phloem, and uric acid media to observe radial growth rates and chlamydospore production. The average radial growth rate per day of C. minor var. barrasii increased significantly from the control on all three media, but growth was faster at increased concentrations of added phloem compared with the other supplemented media. Significant increases in chlamydospores produced by C. minor var. barrasii from the control occurred only on frass media, with more chlamydospores being produced at higher concentrations. The average radial growth rate per day of SJB 122 fungus increased significantly from the control on only one concentration of phloem and two concentrations of uric acid, but decreased significantly on low concentrations of frass media. SJB 122 chlamydospore production increased with increasing concentration on frass, was not different from the control on phloem, and increased significantly at intermediate concentrations on uric acid. Ceratocystis minor var. minor average radial growth rate per day increased with increasing concentration on both frass and phloem media but on uric acid decreased significantly at higher concentrations, following an initial signficant increase as compared with the controls.

Growth and wood quality of young loblolly pine trees in relation to stand density and climatic factors

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 851-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Cregg ◽  
P. M. Dougherty ◽  
T. C. Hennessey
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Basal Area Growth ◽  
Area Growth ◽  
Summer Growth ◽  
Stand Basal Area

A 10-year-old stand of loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) in southeastern Oklahoma was thinned to three target basal-area levels: 5.8, 11.5, and 23 m2•ha−1 (control). Specific gravity, latewood percentage, date of transition from earlywood to latewood, growth, and climate variables were measured for 2 years after thinning. Variation in the measured wood properties was more influenced by climatic variation than by the thinning treatments. Diameter growth and per-tree basal-area growth were significantly greater on the thinned treatments both years after thinning. However, stand basal-area growth was greatest on the unthinned treatment. Basal-area growth rates were significantly related to stand basal area, tree size, soil water potential, and air temperature. Early in the summer, growth was positively related to mean daily temperature, while later in the summer, growth was negatively related to mean daily temperature, reflecting the influence of high-temperature stress on growth. A year with high summer rainfall (1984) resulted in wood with a higher percentage of latewood and higher specific gravity than wood produced in a year with low summer rainfall (1985). The date of latewood initiation was significantly related to tree size, soil moisture, and evaporative demand. The date of transition from earlywood to latewood occurred 10–14 days sooner on the unthinned plots in both years. However, annual ring latewood percentage and specific gravity were not significantly affected by thinning. Increased late-season growth rates compensated for the later transition date on the thinned treatments, resulting in no net change in ring latewood percentage due to thinning. The results indicate that individual tree basal-area growth can be increased by thinning without reducing wood density.

Effects of early pruning on ring specific gravity in young loblolly pine trees

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-151
Author(s):  
Harold E. Burkhart ◽  
Ralph L. Amateis
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Pine Trees

Effects of loblolly pine tree age and wood properties on linerboard-grade pulp yield and sheet properties: Part 1 - Effects on pulp yield

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.J. MCDONOUGH ◽  
C.E. COURCHENE ◽  
D.E. WHITE ◽  
L. SCHIMLECK ◽  
G. PETER
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Xylan Content

Results are reported on the relationships of loblolly pine tree age and wood characteristics and the yield of pulp obtained when the trees were chipped and pulped by the kraft process. Eighteen 13-year old and 18 22-year-old loblolly pine trees were selected to represent specified ranges of specific gravity and lignin content. The trees were further characterized by chemical analysis and near infrared spectroscopy before kraft pulping. The resulting pulps were characterized by measurements of yield and chemical analysis. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify wood characteristics that most influenced pulp yield and to derive equations relating pulp yield to tree age, specific gravity, and wood chemical composition. In addition, near-infrared spectroscopy calibrations were developed to allow prediction of pulp yield from analysis of wood. The results showed that wood specific gravity cannot be used to predict the yield of linerboard-grade pulp from trees of either age. The yield of pulp from 13-year-old trees can be predicted from the amounts of xylan and lignin present in the wood. The yield of pulp from 22-year-old trees decreased with increasing lignin content but was unrelated to xylan content. Thirteen-year-old trees had significantly higher xylan content and the excess xylan was lost during pulping. Regression equations were developed for estimating pulp yields from 13- and 22-year-old trees, given their xylan and lignin contents. Another equation derived from the combined data for trees of both age classes will be useful for predicting yields from trees of other ages, if it is assumed that the effect of tree age is linear.

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