Testing the ?agonistic buffering? hypothesis

1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Milton Taub
Keyword(s):  
Buffering Hypothesis ◽  
Agonistic Buffering

Interactions Between Males and Unweaned Barbary Macaques: Testing the Agonistic Buffering Hypothesis

Behaviour ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 75 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 54-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Deag
Keyword(s):  
Agonistic Interaction ◽  
Type B ◽  
Birth Season ◽  
Barbary Macaques ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Previous Birth ◽  
Male Care ◽  
Buffering Hypothesis ◽  
Juvenile Males ◽  
Agonistic Buffering

Abstract1. Observations of wild Barbary macaques in the Moroccan Middle Atlas revealed more male interaction with unweaned monkeys than has been described for other Cercopithecoidea. 2. Adult, subadult and juveniles males were all involved. On the birth of a new season's babies the males interacted with them and virtually ignored the infants (still unweaned) from the previous birth season. They continued to interact with the new babies when these were infants. 3. Adult and subadult males approached mothers with babies, sat with them, removed their babies and cared for them. Babies were rarely threatened, or attacked, but in agonistic interactions infants were treated more like juveniles. 4. Close non-agonistic interaction between males occurred in the presence of babies (type b interactions). This was initiated by males taking babies to other males, or by males without babies approaching those with them. A framework (based on the most consistently repeated behavioural elements) is presented for describing the seven phases of these complex interactions. 5. Elements of male-care and type b interactions often punctuated play bouts between infant and juvenile males and babies. The interactions involving males, babies and non-maternal females are also briefly described. They were far less frequent than type b interactions and female-care interactions. 6. Individual males and babies did not interact with each other equally often. Particular male-baby partnerships occurred regularly in the context of both male care and type b interactions. The males' rank did not determine these relationships. 7. Examination of nearest neighbour records revealed that the presence of a baby near a male was associated with a clumping of other individuals (particularly other males) near the male. Infants did not have this effect. 8. Most friendly approaches given to and received from males (particularly those to and from other males) were in the presence of babies. 9. There was a relationship between agonistic rank and approaches between males in the presence of babies. Between unlike age classes and between adults, an approacher carrying a baby was usually subordinate. Most approaches to males in possession of babies were by subordinates but there were exceptions. 10. Males carried babies away from and left babies with males both dominant and subordinate to themselves. This showed how limited competition for babies was between males. 11. There was a higher probability of a male being threatened if he made a friendly approach in the presence of a baby. However, it seemed that males found the risk of receiving an aggressive response acceptable because it was coupled with a higher probability of non-agonistic interaction with males who could rarely be approached without a baby present. 12. Low ranking males approaching high ranking males positioned themselves so as to judge the response of the approached male and they also drew the baby to his attention. Several behaviour patterns were used to maintain proximity with other males. Most male-male grooming occurred in the presence of babies. 13. The results confirmed the importance of a baby's presence in the dynamics of male-male interaction and justify the use of the term 'agonistic buffering'. The behaviour between males of considerably different rank (e.g. between subadults and adults; juveniles and adults) most clearly fitted the agonistic buffering hypothesis. The behaviour between males of more similar rank (e.g. adults and adults) was less consistent and did not fit the hypothesis so closely.

Impact of regulatory announcements on systemic risk in the Indian telecom sector

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1395-1416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushma Priyadarsini Yalla ◽  
Som Sekhar Bhattacharyya ◽  
Karuna Jain
Keyword(s):  
Risk Premium ◽  
Systemic Risk ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Risk Premiums ◽  
Buffering Hypothesis ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Telecom Sector ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Post 1991, given the advent of liberalization and economic reforms, the Indian telecom sector witnessed a remarkable growth in terms of subscriber base and reduced competitive tariff among the service providers. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the impact of regulatory announcements on systemic risk among the Indian telecom firms. Design/methodology/approach This study employed a two-step methodology to measure the impact of regulatory announcements on systemic risk. In the first step, CAPM along with the Kalman filter was used to estimate the daily β (systemic risk). In the second step, event study methodology was used to assess the impact of regulatory announcements on daily β derived from the first step. Findings The results of this study indicate that regulatory announcements did impact systemic risk among telecom firms. The study also found that regulatory announcements either increased or decreased systemic risk, depending upon the type of regulatory announcements. Further, this study estimated the market-perceived regulatory risk premiums for individual telecom firms. Research limitations/implications The regulatory risk premium was either positive or negative, depending upon the different types of regulatory announcements for the telecom sector firms. Thus, this study contributes to the theory of literature by testing the buffering hypothesis in the context of Indian telecom firms. Practical implications The study findings will be useful for investors and policy-makers to estimate the regulatory risk premium as and when there is an anticipated regulatory announcement in the Indian telecom sector. Originality/value This is one of the first research studies in exploring regulatory risk among the Indian telecom firms. The research findings indicate that regulatory risk does exist in the telecom firms of India.

A Cluster Analysis on Students’ Perceived Motivational Climate. Implications on Psycho-Social Variables

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Fernandez-Rio ◽  
Antonio Méndez-Giménez ◽  
Jose A. Cecchini Estrada
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Motivational Climate ◽  
Basic Psychological Needs ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Class Climate ◽  
Buffering Hypothesis ◽  
Perceived Motivational Climate ◽  
A Performance

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine how students’ perceptions of the class climate influence their basic psychological needs, motivational regulations, social goals and outcomes such as boredom, enjoyment, effort, and pressure/tension. 507 (267 males, 240 females) secondary education students agreed to participate. They completed a questionnaire that included the Spanish validated versions of Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire (PMCSQ-2), Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise (BPNES), Perceived Locus of Causality (PLOC), Social Goal Scale-Physical Education (SGS-PE), and several subscales of the IMI. A hierarchical cluster analysis uncovered four independent class climate profiles that were confirmed by a K-Means cluster analysis: “high ego”, “low ego-task”, “high ego-medium task”, and “high task”. Several MANOVAs were performed using these clusters as independent variables and the different outcomes as dependent variables (p < .01). Results linked high mastery class climates to positive consequences such as higher students’ autonomy, competence, relatedness, intrinsic motivation, effort, enjoyment, responsibility and relationship, as well as low levels of amotivation, boredom and pressure/tension. Students’ perceptions of a performance class climate made the positive scores decrease significantly. Cluster 3 revealed that a mastery oriented class structure undermines the negative behavioral and psychological effects of a performance class climate. This finding supports the buffering hypothesis of the achievement goal theory.

Alternative models of the stress buffering hypothesis

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 625-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Landerman ◽  
Linda K. George ◽  
Richard T. Campbell ◽  
Dan G. Blazer
Keyword(s):  
Stress Buffering ◽  
Alternative Models ◽  
Buffering Hypothesis

scholarly journals The Demographic Buffering Hypothesis: Evidence and Challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 523-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoffer H. Hilde ◽  
Marlène Gamelon ◽  
Bernt-Erik Sæther ◽  
Jean-Michel Gaillard ◽  
Nigel G. Yoccoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Buffering Hypothesis

scholarly journals Bullying and Suicide Ideation: Testing the Buffering Hypothesis of Social Support in a Sub-Saharan African Sample

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Eze ◽  
JohnBosco Chika Chukwuorji ◽  
Peace Chiamaka Ettu ◽  
Endurance Avah Zacchaeus ◽  
Steven Kator Iorfa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Buffering Hypothesis ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
African Sample
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