Heat sensitivity of mycelium and haustoria in bean leaves infected with bean rust

1981 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gandolfina Farina ◽  
Nicoletta Barbieri ◽  
Maria Bassi ◽  
E. Betto
Keyword(s):  
Heat Sensitivity ◽  
Bean Rust ◽  
Bean Leaves

Interactions of the nonhost French bean plant (Phaseolus vulgaris) with parasitic and saprophytic fungi. IV. Effect of preinoculation with the bean rust fungus on growth of parasitic fungi nonpathogenic on beans

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 1642-1646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myriam R. Fernandez ◽  
Michèle C. Heath
Keyword(s):  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Bean Rust ◽  
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors ◽  
Rust Infection ◽  
Parasitic Fungi ◽  
Wall Appositions ◽  
Bean Leaves

Bean leaves inoculated 24 h previously with the bean rust fungus were inoculated with spores of Cochliobolus heterostrophus, Stemphylium sarcinaeforme, Stemphylium botryosum, or Cladosporium fulvum. For all species except C. fulvum, hyphal growth resulting from stomatal penetrations was greater than that in leaves that were not rust-infected but did not continue for more than about 24 h. The incidence of direct penetrations for these three fungi also was increased by prior rust infection, and the incidence of epidermal wall appositions was reduced. Growth of C. fulvum in rust-infected leaves only exceeded that in control leaves when spores were injected into the intercellular spaces of the mesophyll tissue. Rust infection either had little effect on the incidence of cell death, normally induced by all of the tested fungi except C. fulvum, or it enhanced this response in association with greater fungal growth. From this and previous studies, it seems that successful rust infection increases the growth of a wider array of fungi nonparasitic to beans than treatments with growth regulators or intercellular washing fluids from rusted tissue. Its effect is most closely mimicked by preinoculation treatments with heat or protein synthesis inhibitors, but it does not induce indiscriminate susceptibility. Its effect may, in part, be due to the suppression of defenses involving wall modifications. Key words: Uromyces appendiculatus, induced susceptibility, nonhost resistance.

scholarly journals Overwinter Survival of Bean Rust Urediniospores in North Dakota

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Gross ◽  
J. R. Venette
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
North Dakota ◽  
Uromyces Appendiculatus ◽  
Bean Rust ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Overwinter Survival ◽  
Initial Inoculum ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Bean Leaves

Bean rust (Uromyces appendiculatus) reached epidemic proportions in North Dakota and Minnesota from 1993 to 1996. Although U. appendiculatus is a macrocyclic autoecious rust, neither pycnia nor aecia have been observed in commercial dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in North Dakota fields. The source of initial inoculum is not clearly understood. This study determined the potential for urediniospore survival overwinter. Uredia-bearing bean leaves from artificially inoculated greenhouse-grown plants were kept outside near a field from November to May from 1990 to 1996. Based on bioassays urediniospores survived overwinter, but viability declined over time. Overwinter survival indicates urediniospores may function as initial inoculum.

scholarly journals Fungicidal Efficacy of Drying Plant Oils in Green Beans against Bean Rust (Uromyces appendiculatus)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Vera Breiing ◽  
Jennifer Hillmer ◽  
Christina Schmidt ◽  
Michael Petry ◽  
Brigitte Behrends ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Uromyces Appendiculatus ◽  
Plant Oils ◽  
Bean Rust ◽  
Green Beans ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Tung Oil

As biorationals, plant oils offer numerous advantages such as being natural products, with low ecotoxicological side effects, and high biodegradability. In particular, drying glyceride plant oils, which are rich in unsaturated fatty acids, might be promising candidates for a more sustainable approach in the discussion about plant protection and the environment. Based on this, we tested the protective and curative efficacy of an oil-in-water-emulsion preparation using drying plant oils (linseed oil, tung oil) and a semi-drying plant oil (rapeseed oil) separately and in different mixtures. Plant oils were tested in greenhouse experiments (in vivo) on green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) against bean rust (Uromyces appendiculatus). We observed that a 2% oil concentration showed no or very low phytotoxic effects on green beans. Both tested drying oils showed a protective control ranging from 53–100% for linseed oil and 32–100% for tung oil. Longer time intervals of 6 days before inoculation (6dbi) were less effective than shorter intervals of 2dbi. Curative efficacies were lower with a maximum of 51% for both oils when applied 4 days past inoculation (4dpi) with the fungus. Furthermore, the results showed no systemic effects. These results underline the potential of drying plant oils as biorationals in sustainable plant protection strategies.

Reproductive performance and transcriptome analyses of Tetranychus urticae when feeding on bean leaves and an artificial diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1272-1283
Author(s):  
Yongjuan He ◽  
Jiale Lv ◽  
Endong Wang ◽  
Xuenong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Detoxification Enzymes ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Transcriptome Analyses ◽  
Bean Leaves

As an important pest, Tetranychus urticae fed on thousands of host plants and showed strong capability in host adaptation. However, hardly any success artificial diet has been developed for it. In this study, we compared adult longevity and reproduction of T. urticae that fed on its natural food (bean leaves) and an artificial diet with leaf extracts added, and tried to investigate the reason why the artificial diet was inefficient through transcriptome analyses. Mean adult longevity and cumulative fecundities of T. urticae was reduced by 53.4% and 93.8%, respectively. Transcriptome analyses showed that 1731 genes were differentially expressed comparing individuals fed with the artificial diet and with their natural food, among which most (77.1%) were down regulated. No significant induced expression of xenobiotic transporters and detoxification enzymes were observed when T. urticae were fed with the artificial diet. In contrast, differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in digestive related terms, especially in lipid metabolism related pathways, with most genes down regulated. Our results indicated the significance in further investigating lipid demand and metabolism of T. urticae to improve its mass rearing techniques.

Urea sensitizes mIMCD3 cells to heat shock-induced apoptosis: protection by NaCl

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (3) ◽  
pp. C614-C620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal Colmont ◽  
Stéphanie Michelet ◽  
Dominique Guivarc'h ◽  
Germain Rousselet
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Response ◽  
Heat Sensitivity ◽  
Osmotic Gradient ◽  
Water Reabsorption ◽  
Apoptotic Pathway ◽  
Shock Response ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
Shock Proteins ◽  
Dose Dependent

Urea, with NaCl, constitutes the osmotic gradient that allows water reabsorption in mammalian kidneys. Because NaCl induces heat shock proteins, we tested the responses to heat shock of mIMCD3 cells adapted to permissive urea and/or NaCl concentrations. We found that heat-induced cell death was stronger after adaptation to 250 mM urea. This effect was reversible, dose dependent, and, interestingly, blunted by 125 mM NaCl. Moreover, we have shown that urea-adapted cells engaged in an apoptotic pathway upon heat shock, as shown by DNA laddering. This sensitization is not linked to a defect in the heat shock response, because the induction of HSP70 was similar in isotonic and urea-adapted cells. Moreover, it is not linked to the presence of urea inside cells, because washing urea away did not restore heat resistance and because applying urea and heat shock at the same time did not lead to heat sensitivity. Together, these results suggest that urea modifies the heat shock response, leading to facilitated apoptosis.

Tentoxin does not cause chlorosis in greening mung bean leaves by inhibiting photophosphorylation

1982 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen O. Duke ◽  
James L. Wickliff ◽  
Kevin C. Vaughn ◽  
Rex N. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Mung Bean ◽  
Bean Leaves
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