Temperature and concentration limits of cellulose solubility of cuprammonium complex solution

1990 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 413-415
Author(s):  
M. M. Iovleva ◽  
V. N. Smirnova ◽  
M. A. Kop'ev ◽  
G. G. Finger ◽  
I. P. Baksheev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Solution ◽  
Concentration Limits ◽  
Cuprammonium Complex

Structure of the complexes of ethylenediphosphinetetraacetic acid in solution

1985 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Podlahová ◽  
Josef Šilha ◽  
Jaroslav Podlaha
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ion ◽  
Carboxyl Groups ◽  
Complex Solution ◽  
Square Planar ◽  
Weak Complexes ◽  
Carboxylic Groups ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Tetrahedral Complexes ◽  
Free Carboxyl

Ethylenediphosphinetetraacetic acid is bonded to metal ions in aqueous solutions in four ways, depending on the type of metal ion: 1) through an ionic bond of the carboxylic groups to form weak complexes with a metal:ligand ratio of 1 : 1 (Ca(II), Mn(II), Zn(II), Pb(II), La(III)); 2) through type 1) bond with contributions from weak interaction with the phosphorus (Cd(II)); 3) through coordination of the ligand as a monodentate P-donor with the free carboxyl groups with formation of 2 : 1 and 1 : 1 complexes (Cu(I), Ag(I)); 4) through formation of square planar or, for Hg(II), tetrahedral complexes with a ratio of 1 : 2 with the ligand as a bidentate PP-donor with the free carboxyl groups (Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Pd(II), Pt(II)). On acidification of the complex solution, the first two protons are bonded to the carboxyl groups. The behaviour during further protonation depends on the type of complex: in complexes of types 1) and 2) phosphorus is protonated and the complex dissociates; in complexes of types 3) and 4) the free carboxyl groups are protonated and the phosphorus-metal bond remains intact. The results are based on correlation of the stability constants, UV-visible, infrared, 1H and 31P NMR spectra and magnetic susceptibilities of the complexes in aqueous solution.

scholarly journals Tannin-Mordant Coloration with Matcha (camelia sinensis) and Iron(II)-Lactate on Human Hair Tresses

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 829
Author(s):  
Lusine Sargsyan ◽  
Thomas Hippe ◽  
Hartmut Manneck ◽  
Volkmar Vill
Keyword(s):  
Human Hair ◽  
Cysteic Acid ◽  
Damage Potential ◽  
Natural Hair ◽  
Wash Fastness ◽  
Dyeing Method ◽  
Mordant Dyeing ◽  
Concentration Limits

The aim of this work was to optimize our natural hair dyeing system which we described in our previous work and to compare with other dyeing systems. Therefore, we investigated concentration limits of matcha and mordant and compared this new dyeing method with commercial permanent systems on the market. Completely unpigmented hair tresses were dyed with matcha powder (camelia sinensis) and iron(II)-lactate. To investigate the wash fastness and concentration limits, the differently dyed hair tresses were spectrophotometrically measured. The comparison of the damage potential for which cysteic acid is an indicator was measured by NIR. The concentration of matcha and mordant are responsible for the intensity of the color results. The higher the matcha or the mordant concentration, the darker the color results of the dyed hair tresses. Hair damage of matcha mordant dyeing is comparable with results of commercial permanent hair coloration systems. Moreover, the results of wash fastness of matcha mordant dyed hair tresses is comparable and even better by tendency to permanent colored hair tresses.

Concentration limits of combustion in rich hydrogen–air mixtures in the presence of inhibitors

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 296-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolai M. Rubtsov ◽  
Boris S. Seplyarskii
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Limits

Measuring Marine Iron(III) Complexes by CLE-AdSV

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raewyn M. Town ◽  
Herman P. van Leeuwen
Keyword(s):  
Ligand Exchange ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Chemical Form ◽  
Kinetic Properties ◽  
Marine Systems ◽  
Dissolved Ions ◽  
Competitive Ligand Exchange ◽  
Concentration Limits ◽  
Kinetic Features

Environmental Context. Iron is an essential element for life in the world's oceans, and in some regions its concentration limits the growth of phytoplankton. The amount of iron(iii) which is available to an organism depends on the exact chemical form in which it exists, for example as dissolved ions or associated with organic compounds. There are widespread reports that marine iron(iii) is predominantly bound in extremely strong complexes. We show that such claims might be the result of an artefact of the measurement technique, CLE-AdSV. Ensuing ideas about the iron biogeochemistry in marine systems might require reconsideration as well. Abstract. Iron(iii) speciation data, as determined by competitive ligand exchange?adsorptive stripping voltammetry (CLE-AdSV), is reconsidered in the light of the kinetic features of the measurement. The very large stability constants reported for iron(iii) in marine ecosystems are shown to be possibly due to an artefact of the technique, arising from the assumption that equilibrium is achieved between all iron(iii) species of relevance. Particular kinetic properties, related to the special nature of hydroxide as a metal complexant, have the consequence that CLE-AdSV measurements of iron(iii) in seawater generally correspond to the hydroxide complexes only. By the same token, dissolved hydroxide complexes are the key components of the bioavailable iron(iii) pool. The analysis presented herein opens opportunities to exploit CLE-AdSV for more rigorous investigation of the links between the speciation and the bioavailability of iron(iii).

Optimal use of chlorine in water distribution networks based on specific locations of booster chlorination: analyzing conditions in Mexico

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 493-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hernández Cervantes ◽  
Jesús Mora Rodríguez ◽  
Xitlali Delgado Galván ◽  
Josefina Ortiz Medel ◽  
Martín Rubén Jiménez Magaña
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Booster Chlorination ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Concentration Limits

Water distribution networks (WDNs) could present problems of pathogen intrusion that affect the health of consumers. One solution to diminish this risk is to add more disinfectant to the water at the drinking water treatment plant (DWTP). However, this increases the cost of water treatment and may also cause the formation of trihalomethanes. Mexico has the largest bottled water market in the world. Also, most houses are built with individual storage containers due to intermittent service, which generates a greater residence time of the water before use. This paper shows an alternative to guarantee minimum disinfection along WDNs and diminish the use of disinfectant at the DWTP considering the conditions of water consumption and use in Mexico. We propose a model based on Genetic Algorithms to obtain scenarios where free chlorine is maintained at the minimum permissible concentration throughout the day. In addition, Water Managers could optimize the use of disinfectant by implementing booster chlorination stations (BCSs). The results show that chlorine use could be reduced by 38%, therefore guaranteeing the chlorine concentration limits along the WDN.

MD Studies of the DIS/DIS Kissing Complex Solution and X-Ray Structures

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 501-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Beaurain ◽  
Michel Laguerre
Keyword(s):  
Complex Solution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Kissing Complex

A polymer complex solution process for the synthesis and characterization of Ni–YSZ cermet material

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1741-1746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Razpotnik ◽  
Marjan Marinšek ◽  
Barbara Novosel ◽  
Klementina Zupan ◽  
Vojmir Francetič ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solution Process ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Polymer Complex ◽  
Complex Solution ◽  
Cermet Material

Extending the SHS combustion concentration limits in Ti + C + Fe powder mixtures by preliminary mechanical activation

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 458-460
Author(s):  
A.V. Baranovskiy ◽  
G.A. Pribytkov ◽  
M.G. Krinitcyn ◽  
V.V. Homyakov ◽  
G.O. Dankovcev
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Activation ◽  
Powder Mixtures ◽  
Preliminary Mechanical Activation ◽  
Concentration Limits
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