Temperature-dependent genotypic selection and embryonic survival of rainbow trout

1988 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 69-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy G. Danzmann ◽  
Moira M. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Embryonic Survival ◽  
Genotypic Selection

scholarly journals Coronary flow in a perfused rainbow trout heart

1987 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Coronary Flow ◽  
Coronary Circulation ◽  
Coronary Vessels ◽  
Cardiac Metabolism ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Acclimation Temperature ◽  
Coronary Vascular Resistance ◽  
Coronary Resistance ◽  
Temperature Dependent

A preparation was developed to perfuse the coronary circulation in working hearts from rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson). The preparation was used to examine pressure-flow relationships for the coronary circulation as the heart generated physiological and subphysiological work loads. Coronary vascular resistance increased exponentially as coronary flow rate decreased. Coronary resistance was also influenced by cardiac metabolism and acclimation temperature. When heart rate was increased, extravascular compression increased in coronary resistance. Direct vasoconstriction of the coronary vessels, produced by injections of adrenaline into the coronary circulation, was temperature-dependent.

scholarly journals Adult teleost heart expresses two distinct troponin C paralogs: cardiac TnC and a novel and teleost-specific ssTnC in a chamber- and temperature-dependent manner

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (18) ◽  
pp. 866-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine E. Genge ◽  
William S. Davidson ◽  
Glen F. Tibbits
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Temperature Acclimation ◽  
Troponin C ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Adult Zebrafish ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Tandem Gene Duplication ◽  
Multiple Copies

The teleost-specific whole genome duplication created multiple copies of genes allowing for subfunctionalization of isoforms. In this study, we show that the teleost cardiac Ca2+-binding troponin C (TnC) is the product of two distinct genes: cardiac TnC (cTnC, TnnC1a) and a fish-specific slow skeletal TnC (ssTnC, TnnC1b). The ssTnC gene is novel to teleosts as mammals have a single gene commonly referred as cTnC but which is also expressed in slow skeletal muscle. In teleosts, the data strongly indicate that these are two TnC genes are different paralogs. Because we determined that ssTnC exists across many teleosts but not in basal ray-finned fish (e.g., bichir), we propose that these paralogs are the result of an ancestral tandem gene duplication persisting only in teleosts. Quantification of mRNA levels was used to demonstrate distinct expression localization patterns of the paralogs within the chambers of the heart. In the adult zebrafish acclimated at 28°C, ssTnC mRNA levels are twofold greater than cTnC mRNA levels in the atrium, whereas cTnC mRNA was almost exclusively expressed in the ventricle. Meanwhile, rainbow trout acclimated at 5°C showed cTnC mRNA levels in both chambers significantly greater than ssTnC. Distinct responses to temperature acclimation were also quantified in both adult zebrafish and rainbow trout, with mRNA in both chambers shifting to express higher levels of cTnC in 18°C acclimated zebrafish and 5°C acclimated trout. Possible subfunctionalization of TnC isoforms may provide insight into how teleosts achieve physiological versatility in chamber-specific contractile properties.

scholarly journals Temperature and the regulation of enzyme activity in poikilotherms. Properties of rainbow-trout fructose diphosphatase

1969 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. Behrisch ◽  
P. W. Hochachka
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Temperature Adaptation ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Physiological Temperature ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Regulation Of Enzyme Activity ◽  
Hill Plots

1. The properties of fructose diphosphatase from the liver of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii) were examined over the physiological temperature range of the organism. 2. Saturation curves for substrate (fructose 1,6-diphosphate) and a cofactor (Mg2+) are sigmoidal, and Hill plots of the results suggest a minimum of two interacting fructose 1,6-diphosphate sites and two interacting Mg2+ sites per molecule of enzyme. 3. Mn2+-saturation curves are hyperbolic, and the Ka for Mn2+, which inhibits the enzyme at high concentrations, is 50–100-fold lower than the Ka for Mg2+. 4. Fructose diphosphatase is inhibited by low concentrations of AMP; this inhibition appears to be decreased and reversed by increasing the concentrations of Mg2+ and Mn2+. Higher concentrations of AMP are required to inhibit the trout fructose diphosphatase in the presence of Mn2+. 5. The affinities of fructose diphosphatase for fructose diphosphate and Mn2+ appear to be temperature-independent, whereas the affinities for Mg2+ and AMP are highly temperature-dependent. 6. The pH optimum of the enzyme depends on the concentrations of Mg2+ and Mn2+. In addition, pH determines the Ka for Mg2+; at high pH, Ka for Mg2+ is lowered. 7. The enzyme is inhibited by Ca2+ and Zn2+, and the inhibition is competitive with respect to both cations. 8. The possible roles of these ions and AMP in the modulation of fructose diphosphatase and gluconeogenic activity are discussed in relation to temperature adaptation.

Iron–sulfur cluster scaffold (ISCU) gene is duplicated in salmonid fish and tissue and temperature dependent expressed in rainbow trout

Gene ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 512 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieke Verleih ◽  
Alexander Rebl ◽  
Bernd Köllner ◽  
Tomáš Korytář ◽  
Judith M. Köbis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Salmonid Fish ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Iron Sulfur Cluster ◽  
Sulfur Cluster ◽  
Iron Sulfur

Temperature dependent population growth of Gyrodactylus derjavini on rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Andersen ◽  
K. Buchmann
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Parasite Population ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Active Selection ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Parasite Reproduction ◽  
Peak Abundance

AbstractRainbow trout were experimentally infected with the ectoparasitic monogenean Gyrodactylus derjavini at three temperatures, 5.5°C, 11.6°C and 18.7°C. Subsequently, the infection level was monitored during the following 6 weeks. The population growth was positively correlated with temperature in the initial part of the investigation. At 18.7°C growth of the parasite population was fast reaching a peak abundance within 3 weeks, whereafter the infection level decreased significantly. Peak abundance was recorded in week 5 at 11.6°C. A very slow but steady parasite reproduction was noted at 5.5°C, but no peak abundance was reached within 6 weeks. The decline in parasite population after reaching peak levels is likely to be caused by a host response. The host response is also indicated by the parasites' active selection of particular microhabitats. This anti-monogenean response developed fastest at 18.7°C, more slowly at 11.6°C and was not recorded within 6 weeks at 5.5°C.

Effects of temperature on intracellular [Ca2+] in trout atrial myocytes

2002 ◽  
Vol 205 (23) ◽  
pp. 3641-3650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly A. Shiels ◽  
Matti Vornanen ◽  
Anthony P. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Negative Inotropic Effect ◽  
Frequency Change ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Channel Current ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Increasing Temperature

SUMMARYAcute temperature change can be cardioplegic to mammals, yet certain ectotherms maintain their cardiac scope over a wide temperature range. To better understand the acute effects of temperature on the ectothermic heart,we investigated the stimulus-induced change in intracellular Ca2+concentration ([Ca2+]i; cytosolic Ca2+transient) in isolated rainbow trout myocytes at 7°C, 14°C and 21°C. Myocytes were voltage-clamped and loaded with Fura-2 to measure the L-type Ca2+ channel current (ICa) and[Ca2+]i during physiological action potential (AP)pulses at frequencies that correspond to trout heart rates in vivo at 7°C, 14°C and 21°C. Additionally, [Ca2+]iand ICa were examined with square (SQ) pulses at slow (0.2 Hz) and physiologically relevant contraction frequencies. The amplitude of[Ca2+]i decreased with increasing temperature for both SQ and AP pulses, which may contribute to the well-known negative inotropic effect of warm temperature on contractile strength in trout hearts. With SQ pulses, [Ca2+]i decreased from 474±53 nmol l-1 at 7°C to 198±21 nmol l-1 at 21°C,while the decrease in [Ca2+]i with AP pulses was from 234±49 nmol l-1 to 79±12 nmol l-1,respectively. Sarcolemmal Ca2+ influx was increased slightly at cold temperatures with AP pulses (charge transfer was 0.27±0.04 pC pF-1, 0.19±0.03 pC pF-1 and 0.13±0.03 pC pF-1 at 7°C, 14°C and 21°C, respectively). At all temperatures, cells were better able to maintain diastolic Ca2+levels at physiological frequencies with AP pulses compared with 500 ms SQ pulses. We suggest that temperature-dependent modulation of the AP is important for cellular Ca2+ regulation during temperature and frequency change in rainbow trout heart.

Rheological properties of rainbow trout blood

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 879-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garth L. Fletcher ◽  
R. Tyson Haedrich
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Shear Dependent Viscosity ◽  
Myoxocephalus Scorpius ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Dependent Viscosity

The effects of shear rate and red cell concentration on the viscosity of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) blood were evaluated at 0 and 15 °C using a cone-plate viscometer. The viscosity of blood was shear dependent at both temperatures, with the highest values occurring at the lower temperature and shear rate. The viscosity of plasma was not shear dependent. Viscosity of blood increased in a linear fashion between hematocrits of 0 and 40%. Viscosity of the rainbow trout blood was similar to that of arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus), but considerably lower and less shear and temperature dependent than the bloods of winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) and shorthorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius). It is hypothesized that low shear and temperature dependent blood viscosity may be a characteristic of active fish.

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