Treatment of cystic echinococcosis (Echinococcus granulosus) with mebendazole: Assessment of bound and free drug levels in cyst fluid and of parasite vitality in operative specimens

1985 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Luder ◽  
F. Witassek ◽  
K. Weigand ◽  
J. Eckert ◽  
J. Bircher
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Free Drug ◽  
Cyst Fluid ◽  
Drug Levels

scholarly journals Usefulness of Hydatid Cyst Fluid of Echinococcus granulosus Developed in Mice with Secondary Infection for Serodiagnosis of Cystic Echinococcosis in Humans

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wulamu Mamuti ◽  
Hiroshi Yamasaki ◽  
Yasuhito Sako ◽  
Kazuhiro Nakaya ◽  
Minoru Nakao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Cyst Fluid ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Tissue Homogenates ◽  
Hydatid Cyst Fluid

ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to assess the usefulness of hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) of Echinococcus granulosus, obtained from mice experimentally infected with hydatid cyst tissue homogenates, for the serodiagnosis of cystic echinococcosis (CE) in humans. The sensitivity and specificity of HCF obtained from mice for the detection of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in the sera of CE patients were compared with those of HCF from sheep and/or from a human CE patient by using immunoblotting (IB) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). HCFs obtained from three different host species all were highly useful for immunoblotting, and sera from 19 (95%) of 20 CE patients equally recognized the antigen B subunit (approximately 8 kDa). HCF from mice showed a cross-reaction with 9 of 20 alveolar echinococcosis (AE) sera (45%), whereas HCFs from two other host species cross-reacted with 14 of the AE sera (70%). Although 2 (10%) of 20 sera from neurocysticercosis (NCC) patients were false positive with HCF from both sheep and humans, none of these sera showed a positive reaction with HCF from mouse origin. ELISAs with HCFs from both mouse and sheep origins detected all 20 CE and AE sera; however, these ELISAs showed 45% (9 of 20) and 60% (12 of 20) false-positive reactions with 20 NCC sera, respectively. The presence of nonspecific human IgG in HCF obtained from a CE patient prevented us from applying it to the ELISA. HCF of E. granulosus, obtained from laboratory mice with a secondary infection with hydatid cyst tissue homogenates, appears to be highly useful for the serodiagnosis of CE in humans and may be useful in domestic animals.

scholarly journals Response patterns in adventitial layer of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto cysts from naturally infected cattle and sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Hidalgo ◽  
Caroll Stoore ◽  
María Soledad Baquedano ◽  
Ismael Pereira ◽  
Carmen Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Granulomatous Reaction ◽  
Adventitial Layer ◽  
Laminated Layer ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

AbstractCystic echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the metacestode of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. The disease is characterized by the development of cystic structures inside viscera of the intermediate host, mainly liver and lungs. These cysts are formed by three layers: germinal, laminated, and adventitial layer, the latter being the local host immune response. Metacestodes that develop protoscoleces, the infective stage to the definitive host, are termed fertile, whereas cysts that do not produce protoscoleces are termed non-fertile. Sheep usually harbor fertile cysts while cattle usually harbor non-fertile cysts. Adventitial layers with fibrotic resolution are associated to fertile cysts, whereas a granulomatous reaction is associated with non-fertile cysts. The aim of this study was to analyze cellular distribution in the adventitial layer of fertile and non-fertile E. granulosus sensu stricto cysts found in liver and lungs of cattle and sheep. A total of 418 cysts were analyzed, 203 from cattle (8 fertile and 195 non-fertile) and 215 from sheep (64 fertile and 151 non-fertile). Fertile cysts from cattle showed mixed patterns of response, with fibrotic resolution and presence of granulomatous response in direct contact with the laminated layer, while sheep fertile cysts always displayed fibrotic resolution next to the laminated layer. Cattle non-fertile cysts display a granulomatous reaction in direct contact with the laminated layer, whereas sheep non-fertile cysts display a granulomatous reaction, but in direct contact with the fibrotic resolution. This shows that cattle and sheep cystic echinococcosis cysts have distinct local immune response patterns, which are associated to metacestode fertility.

scholarly journals Human Cystic Echinococcosis in Lebanon: A Retrospective Study and Molecular Epidemiology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaelle Joanny ◽  
Maria Grazia Cappai ◽  
Francesca Nonnis ◽  
Claudia Tamponi ◽  
Giorgia Dessì ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
High Gene ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
And Control ◽  
Human Cystic Echinococcosis

Abstract Purpose Human cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic parasitic disease that constitutes a public health challenge and a socio-economic burden in endemic areas worldwide. No specific surveillance system of CE infections in humans exists in Lebanon. The incidence and trends over time have not been documented. The current study aimed to assess the demographic and epidemiologic features of human CE surgical cases over a 14-year period in the five main regions of Lebanon. Methods From 2005 to 2018, a total of 894 surgically confirmed cases of hydatidosis were recorded from five anatomy and pathology laboratories. Results The mean annual surgical incidence was 1.23/100,000 inhabitants. Over the span of these years, the incidence increased from 0.53 to 1.94 cases/100,000 inhabitants in 2005 and 2018, respectively. CE is present in Lebanon with an uneven distribution from one region to the other with higher prevalence in Bekaa (29.0%), a rural area where sheep raising is widespread. Human CE cases were more common in females (60.1%) than in males (39.9%) and a high burden of infection was reported for the age group of 30–39 years. Besides, 66.7% of the cases expressed only liver complications whereas, 20.5% showed predilection towards lungs. The 7.8% of cases presented cysts in other organs, and 1.3% showed multiple localizations. Additionally, predominant involvement of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto was recorded in human infections. Comparison of Echinococcus granulosus s.s. populations from different Mediterranean countries also revealed high gene flow among this region and sharing of alleles. Conclusion The current study is a step forward to fill the gap of knowledge for the hydatidosis in Lebanon where the lack of epidemiological data and control measures have resulted in higher incidence of human CE. Graphic Abstract

Characterization of excretory–secretory products from protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus and evaluation of their potential for immunodiagnosis of human cystic echinococcosis

Parasitology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. CARMENA ◽  
J. MARTÍNEZ ◽  
A. BENITO ◽  
J. A. GUISANTES
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Secretory Protein ◽  
Major Protein ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Secretory Products ◽  
Protein Components ◽  
Human Cystic Echinococcosis

This study describes, for the first time, the characterization of excretory–secretory antigens (ES-Ag) from Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces, evaluating their usefulness in the immunodiagnosis of human cystic echinococcosis. ES-Ag were obtained from the first 50 h maintenance of protoscoleces in vitro. This preparation contained over 20 major protein components which could be distinguished by 1-dimensional SDS–PAGE with apparent masses between 9 and 300 kDa. The culture of of protoscoleces from liver produced a greater variety of excretory–secretory protein components than those from lung. Determination of enzymatic activities of secreted proteins revealed the presence of phosphatases, lipases and glucosidases, but no proteases. These findings were compared to those obtained from somatic extracts of protoscoleces and hydatid cyst fluid products. Immunochemical characterization was performed by immunoblotting with sera from individuals infected by cystic echinococcosis (n=15), non-hydatidic parasitoses (n=19), various liver diseases (n=24), lung neoplasia (n=16), and healthy donors (n=18). Antigens with apparent masses of 89, 74, 47/50, 32, and 20 kDa showed specificity for immunodiagnosis of human hydatidosis. The 89 and 74 kDa components corresponded to antigens not yet described in E. granulosus, whereas proteins of 41–43 kDa and 91–95 kDa were recognized by the majority of the non-hydatid sera studied.

scholarly journals Antibody response to glycan antigens of hydatid cyst fluid, laminated layer and protoscolex of Echinococcus granulosus

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
Raheleh Rafiei Sefiddashti ◽  
Seyedeh Maryam Sharafi ◽  
Soltan Ahmad Ebrahimi ◽  
Lame Akhlaghi ◽  
Ali Moosavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Cyst Fluid ◽  
Laminated Layer ◽  
Hydatid Cyst Fluid

The optimum cut-off value to differentiate Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto from other species of E. granulosus sensu lato using larval rostellar hook morphometry

2013 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Soriano ◽  
N.B. Pierangeli ◽  
L.A. Pianciola ◽  
M. Mazzeo ◽  
L.E. Lazzarini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
First Time

AbstractCystic echinococcosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato is one of the most important helminth zoonoses in the world; it affects both humans and livestock. The disease is endemic in Argentina and highly endemic in the province of Neuquén. Considerable genetic and phenotypic variation has been demonstrated in E. granulosus, and ten different genotypes (G1–G10) have been identified using molecular tools. Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato may be considered a species complex, comprised of E. granulosus sensu stricto (G1–G3), E. equinus (G4), E. ortleppi (G5) and E. canadensis (G6–G10). In endemic areas, the characterization of cystic echinococcosis molecular epidemiology is important in order to apply adequate control strategies. A cut-off value for larval large hook total length to distinguish E. granulosus sensu stricto isolates from those produced by other species of the complex was defined for the first time. Overall, 1780 larval hooks of 36 isolates obtained from sheep (n= 11, G1), goats (n= 10, G6), cattle (n= 5, G6) and pigs (n= 10, G7) were analysed. Validation against molecular genotyping as gold standard was carried out using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The optimum cut-off value was defined as 26.5 μm. The proposed method showed high sensitivity (97.8%) and specificity (91.1%). Since in most endemic regions the molecular epidemiology of echinococcosis includes the coexistence of the widely distributed E. granulosus sensu stricto G1 strain and other species of the complex, this technique could be useful as a quick and economical tool for epidemiological and surveillance field studies, when fertile cysts are present.

Vaccination of bovines against Echinococcus granulosus (cystic echinococcosis)

Vaccine ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (20) ◽  
pp. 3076-3081 ◽  
Author(s):  
David D. Heath ◽  
Christine Robinson ◽  
Trevor Shakes ◽  
Yan Huang ◽  
Tursun Gulnur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis

Imported cystic echinococcosis in Spain: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Zabala ◽  
Fernando Salvador ◽  
Adrián Sánchez-Montalvá ◽  
Pau Bosch-Nicolau ◽  
Laura Escolà-Vergé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Reporting System ◽  
Neglected Tropical Disease ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Reporting Systems ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus Sensu Lato

Abstract Background Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus (sensu lato). It is a neglected tropical disease with a global distribution, affecting an estimated 2–3 million people globally. Official reporting systems in Spain lack information concerning imported cases and their country of origin. Methods This is a systematic review of the literature that was performed to obtain published cases of immigrant patients diagnosed with CE in Spain. Results From the 21 included articles, a total of 84 cases of CE imported into Spain were documented from 1995 to 2018, with an average age of 33.2 years. The main countries of origin of the patients were Morocco with 30 cases (35.7%), Romania with 12 cases (14.3%) and Peru with 8 cases (9.5%). The most involved organ was the liver (28 cases [33.3%]). We found discrepancies between the published cases of imported CE in Spain and those reported by official authorities. Conclusions This review of the literature shows the lack of information and clarity in the mechanisms of CE notification in Spain. The disparity between these systems and the cases documented in the literature highlights a failure or shortcoming of the current reporting system.

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