Cytochemical studies on the internal polarity of the golgi apparatus and the relationship between this organelle and GERL

1981 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Sawano ◽  
H. Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Internal Polarity ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Golgi apparatus, GERL, and secretory granule formation within neurons of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system of control and hyperosmotically stressed mice.

1981 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 474-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
R D Broadwell ◽  
C Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Secretory Granule ◽  
Supraoptic Nucleus ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Hyperosmotic Stress ◽  
Granule Formation ◽  
Smooth Membrane ◽  
Secondary Lysosomes ◽  
The Relationship

The vasopressin-producing neurons of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system are a particularly good model with which to consider the relationship between the Golgi apparatus nd GERL and their roles in secretory granule production because these neurons increase their synthesis and secretion of vasopressin in response to hyperosmotic stress. Enzyme cytochemical techniques for acid phosphatase (AcPase) and thiamine pyrophosphatase (TPPase) activities were used to distinguish GERL from the Golgi apparatus in cell bodies of the supraoptic nucleus from normal mice, mice hyperosmotically stressed by drinking 2% salt water, and mice allowed to recover for 5-10 d from hyperosmotic stress. In nonincubated preparations of control supraoptic perikarya, immature secretory granules at the trans face of the Golgi apparatus were frequently attached to a narrow, smooth membrane cisterna identified as GERL. Secretory granules were occasionally seen attached to Golgi saccules. TPPase activity was present in one or two of the trans Golgi saccules; AcPase activity appeared in GERL and attached immature secretory granules, rarely in the trans Golgi saccules, and in secondary lysosomes. As a result of hyperosmotic stress, the Golgi apparatus hypertrophied, and secretory granules formed from all Golgi saccules and GERL. Little or no AcPase activity could be demonstrated in GERL, whereas all Golgi saccules and GERL-like cisternae were TPPase positive. During recovery, AcPase activity in GERL returned to normal; however, the elevated TPPase activity and secretory granule formation seen in GERL-like cisternae and all Golgi saccules during hyperosmotic stress persisted. These results suggest that under normal conditions GERL is the predominant site for the secretory granule formation, but during hyperosmotic stress, the Golgi saccules assume increased importance in this function. The observed cytochemical modulations in Golgi saccules and GERL suggest that GERL is structurally and functionally related to the Golgi saccules.

scholarly journals Studies in the secretion of the pancreas and salivary glands

1933 ◽  
Vol 114 (786) ◽  
pp. 20-47 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

In recent years considerable attention has been paid by various workers to the cytological constituents of various gland cells. In invertebrates lolloping the lead of Parat and Painlevé (1924), the so-called salivary glands of chironomous have been the favourite objects of study (Beams and Goldschmidt, 1930 ; Gatenby, 1932), while in vertebrates the pancreas has been more usually chosen (Parat, 1928 ; Covell, 1928 ; Ludford, 1930 ; Beams, 1930 ; Gatenby, 1931). The chief object of these researches has been to discover what relationship, if any, exists between the Golgi apparatus and the cell bodies revealed by intravitam staining with neutral red (so-called vacuome of Parat), but the conclusions reached have been in every case conflicting. In consideration of the great diversity of opinion existing between these workers it was hoped in the present instance that a reinvestigation of the cytology of the pancreas together with the salivary glands might throw light on the subject, since the problem in each must be fundamentally the same. The objects of the present work were then:— (a) complete morphological study of the Golgi apparatus in the cells of these glands. (b) A study of the structures revealed intra-vitam by neutral red. (C) A determination of the relationship between these structures and the known cell constituents. (d) A study of the various secretory stages in the cell activity.

Some Cytological Features of Epididymal Cells in the Rat

1958 ◽  
Vol s3-99 (47) ◽  
pp. 295-314
Author(s):  
B. L. REID
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Living Cell ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Fixed Material ◽  
Close Study ◽  
Cytological Features ◽  
Living Material ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Living material was photographed by phase-contrast miocroscopy. Fixed material was stained for mitochondria or post-osmicated. The findings show a close conformity between the pictures in living and fixed cells, except that the so-called Golgi apparatus, whilst very apparent in some zones by both techniques, in other zones is well represented after osmication but not in the living cell. Reasons for this are proposed. Studies by earlier workers on the mitochondrial pattern are confirmed. There is an increased density and decreased length of rods down the length of the epididymalduct. The relationship of the chondriome to the osmiophil material varies in the different zones; in some, close association with permeation is found, while in others the separation is complete. General observations upon living epididymal cells are recorded. These include the effects of different suspending media and the changes undergone by the cells after their isolation. A close study has been made of the free (stereociliated) border of the cells.

scholarly journals The relationships between the Golgi apparatus, GERL, and lysosomes of fetal rat liver Kupffer cells examined by ultrastructural phosphatase cytochemistry.

1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1061-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
R M Pino ◽  
L C Pino ◽  
P W Bankston
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Kupffer Cells ◽  
Phosphatase Inhibitors ◽  
Golgi Region ◽  
Fetal Rat ◽  
Latex Spheres ◽  
Phosphatase Cytochemistry ◽  
Fetal Rat Liver ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rat Livers

Kupffer cells are the sinusoidal macrophages of the liver. Using ultrastructural phosphatase cytochemical methods, we examined the relationship between the Golgi apparatus, GERL, and lysosomes of Kupffer cells in fetal rat livers identified, in part, by their ability to phagocytize intravenously injected latex spheres. Thiamine pyrophosphatase (TPPase) activity was localized to the inner Golgi saccules and some vesicles in the Golgi region but not to GERL. A TPPase-like activity, demonstrable in lysosomes, was abolished by sodium fluoride but not suppressed by the alkaline phosphatase inhibitors L-cysteine and L-p-bromotetramisole. Acid phosphatase (AcPase) was localized by GERL, some coated vesicles, and in lysosomes, but not to the Golgi stacks. Continuities between GERL and lysosomes were observed. Phagosomes containing internalized latex spheres received TPPase and AcPase sequentially. TPPase was localized in phagosomes immediately after latex administration. AcPase activity was not found here until at least 10 minutes following the injection of the particulates. Our findings indicate that Kupffer cell lysosomes are derived from GERL, but also suggest that phagosomes may receive material packaged by the Golgi apparatus as well as GERL.

scholarly journals On the Internal Polarity of the Golgi Apparatus with Special Regard to Its Relationship to GERL

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (1A_suppl) ◽  
pp. 227-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisao Fujita ◽  
Fumio Sawano
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Special Regard ◽  
Internal Polarity

The authors emphasized that from the cytochemical standpoint the Golgi apparatus has an internal polarity and that GERL is a part of this organelle.

scholarly journals The GTPase Arf1 Is a Determinant of Yeast Vps13 Localization to the Golgi Apparatus

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12274
Author(s):  
Damian Kolakowski ◽  
Weronika Rzepnikowska ◽  
Aneta Kaniak-Golik ◽  
Teresa Zoladek ◽  
Joanna Kaminska
Keyword(s):  
Green Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Human Genes ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Specific Localization ◽  
Green Fluorescent ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Reduced Activity

VPS13 proteins are evolutionarily conserved. Mutations in the four human genes (VPS13A-D) encoding VPS13A-D proteins are linked to developmental or neurodegenerative diseases. The relationship between the specific localization of individual VPS13 proteins, their molecular functions, and the pathology of these diseases is unknown. Here we used a yeast model to establish the determinants of Vps13′s interaction with the membranes of Golgi apparatus. We analyzed the different phenotypes of the arf1-3 arf2Δ vps13∆ strain, with reduced activity of the Arf1 GTPase, the master regulator of Golgi function and entirely devoid of Vps13. Our analysis led us to propose that Vps13 and Arf1 proteins cooperate at the Golgi apparatus. We showed that Vps13 binds to the Arf1 GTPase through its C-terminal Pleckstrin homology (PH)-like domain. This domain also interacts with phosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate as it was bound to liposomes enriched with this lipid. The homologous domain of VPS13A exhibited the same behavior. Furthermore, a fusion of the PH-like domain of Vps13 to green fluorescent protein was localized to Golgi structures in an Arf1-dependent manner. These results suggest that the PH-like domains and Arf1 are determinants of the localization of VPS13 proteins to the Golgi apparatus in yeast and humans.

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