Is GIP a glucagon cell constituent?

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Alumets ◽  
R. H�kanson ◽  
T. O'Dorisio ◽  
K. Sj�lund ◽  
F. Sundler
Keyword(s):  
Cell Constituent

STEROIDS IN THE SEMEN OF DOGFISH (SQUALUS ACANTHIAS)

1963 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. SIMPSON ◽  
R. S. WRIGHT ◽  
H. GOTTFRIED
Keyword(s):  
Small Proportion ◽  
Sperm Cell ◽  
Squalus Acanthias ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Cell Constituent

SUMMARY 11-Deoxycorticosterone has been found in surprisingly high concentration (ca. 500 μg./100 g.) in the semen of Squalus acanthias. Accompanying steroids are progesterone (8 μg./100 g.), androstenedione (2 μg./100 g.), dehydroepiandrosterone (2 μg./100 g.), pregnenolone (14 μg./100 g.), androsterone (< 5 μg./100 g.) and possibly aldosterone (< 1 μg./100 g.); three unidentified compounds were also detected. Only a small proportion (ca. 5%) of the 11-deoxycorticosterone is present in that portion of the semen which passes an ultrafilter. The remainder is either present as a sperm cell constituent or is bound to extracellular mucoids or proteins.

Silicon carbide nanolayers as a solar cell constituent

2014 ◽  
Vol 212 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Zakhvalinskii ◽  
E. Piliuk ◽  
I. Goncharov ◽  
A. Simashkevich ◽  
D. Sherban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Cell Constituent

scholarly journals Erythropoiesis-inhibiting factor(s) (EIF): methodologic studies

Blood ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-163
Author(s):  
R Lindemann
Keyword(s):  
Marked Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Assay System ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Sensitive Assay ◽  
System A ◽  
Inhibiting Factors ◽  
Inhibiting Factor ◽  
Cell Constituent

Erythropoiesis-inhibiting factors (EIF) have been demonstrated in plasma from hypertransfused animals and from polycythemic individuals during periods of hyperoxia, but there is a decided discrepancy in the data published. In the present paper methodologic variations of a bioassay for demonstrating the erythropoiesis-inhibiting factor are discussed. In these studies no inhibitor of erythropoiesis could be demonstrated in plasma from hypoxia-induced polycythemic mice (HPM) on posthypoxic day 5. Injections of RBC or an equal amount of hemolyzed RBC were capable of suppressing the stimulatory effects of ESF, indicating that a red cell constituent may be responsible for the inhibitory effect observed. Transfusion-induced polycythemic mice (TPM) were therefore considered to be less suitable for demonstrating erythropoiesis inhibitors. Our results from testing several doses of a urinary EIF in normal mice, TPM and HPM, indicated that the HPM provided the most sensitive assay system. A similar effect was obtained with hypoxia-induced polycythemic rats. The most marked effect was seen in HPM when the EIF was injected shortly before administering the ESF, while the effect was less pronounced when the EIF was injected 24 hr before or after the ESF.

scholarly journals A "MICROTUBULE" IN A BACTERIUM

1967 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woutera van Iterson ◽  
Judith F. M. Hoeniger ◽  
Eva Nijman van Zanten
Keyword(s):  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Normal Cell ◽  
Osmotic Shock ◽  
Hollow Core ◽  
Cylindrical Wall ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Whole Mount ◽  
Potassium Phosphotungstate ◽  
First Time ◽  
Cell Constituent

A study of the anchorage of the flagella in swarmers of Proteus mirabilis led to the incidental observation of microtubules. These microtubules were found in thin sections and in whole mount preparations of cells from which most of the content had been released by osmotic shock before staining negatively with potassium phosphotungstate (PTA). The microtubules are in negatively stained preparations about 200 A wide, i.e. somewhat thicker than the flagella (approximately 130 A). They are thus somewhat thinner than most microtubules recorded for other cells. They are referred to as microtubules because of their smooth cylindrical wall, or cortex, surrounding a hollow core which is readily filled with PTA when stained negatively. Since this is probably the first time that such a structure is described inside a bacterium, we do not know for certain whether it represents a normal cell constituent or an abnormality, for instance of the type of "polysheaths" (16).

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Mechanism of Vibriocidal Action of Essential Oil from Resin of Protium heptaphyllum

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josiane Lima Mendes ◽  
Thiago Ferreira de Araújo ◽  
Mário Geraldo de Carvalho ◽  
Francisco Eduardo Aragão Catunda Júnior ◽  
Renata Albuquerque Costa
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Biomass Reduction ◽  
Cell Constituent

Protium heptaphyllum is a plant widely distributed in Brazilian ecosystems that produce a resin which has pharmacological activities. In this study, the chemical composition, antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity, and the possible mechanism of action against the bacterium V. parahaemolyticus of essential oil from P. heptaphyllum (EOPH) were investigated. Twenty-two components were detected in EOPH, and β-phellandrene (60.68%) had the majority. The inhibition halo, MIC, and MBC values were 11 mm, 2 mg/mL, and 8 mg/mL, respectively. Biofilm biomass inhibition and biomass reduction of the preformed biofilm were detected at 4 mg/mL EOPH concentration. The assays of cell constituent release and membrane permeability indicated that EOPH may disrupt the cell membrane, leading to leakage of intracellular constituent as reducing sugars and materials with an absorbance of 260 nm.

scholarly journals IMMUNOLOGICAL REACTIONS OF THE ISOLATED CARBOHYDRATE AND PROTEIN OF PNEUMOCOCCUS

1925 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oswald T. Avery ◽  
Hugh J. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Intact Cell ◽  
Immune Serum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Free State ◽  
Subsequent Paper ◽  
Immunological Properties ◽  
Antigenic Properties ◽  
Specific Substance ◽  
Immunological Reactions ◽  
Cell Constituent

The data presented in this paper clearly indicate that the isolated carbohydrate and nucleoprotein constituents of Pneumococcus differ both serologically and antigenically one from the other. Moreover, each of these fractions of the cell separately exhibits immunological properties distinct from those manifested by the whole organism of which they form a part. The carbohydrate is a protein-free polysaccharide and as such is devoid of the property of stimulating antibodies. Although in the free state, dissociated from other cellular substances, it is non-antigenic, in this form it still retains the property of reacting specifically in anti-pneumococcus serum of the homologous type. Further, this nonprotein constituent is not reactive with antiprotein serum. In other words, neither pneumococcus carbohydrate nor protein as separate antigen gives rise to antibodies with specific affinities for the carbohydrate or so called soluble specific substance of Pneumococcus. The nucleoprotein of Pneumococcus, on the other hand, is antigenic. Immunization with this cell constituent gives rise to immune serum which precipitates solutions of pneumococcus protein without regard to the type from which it is derived. The interrelations of the carbohydrate and protein of Pneumococcus as they exist in the intact cell to form the complete antigen, and the interpretation of the differences in the antigenic properties of the whole bacterium as contrasted with those of its component parts are reserved for discussion in a subsequent paper.

scholarly journals Erythropoiesis-inhibiting factor(s) (EIF): methodologic studies

Blood ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Lindemann
Keyword(s):  
Marked Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Assay System ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Sensitive Assay ◽  
System A ◽  
Inhibiting Factors ◽  
Inhibiting Factor ◽  
Cell Constituent

Abstract Erythropoiesis-inhibiting factors (EIF) have been demonstrated in plasma from hypertransfused animals and from polycythemic individuals during periods of hyperoxia, but there is a decided discrepancy in the data published. In the present paper methodologic variations of a bioassay for demonstrating the erythropoiesis-inhibiting factor are discussed. In these studies no inhibitor of erythropoiesis could be demonstrated in plasma from hypoxia-induced polycythemic mice (HPM) on posthypoxic day 5. Injections of RBC or an equal amount of hemolyzed RBC were capable of suppressing the stimulatory effects of ESF, indicating that a red cell constituent may be responsible for the inhibitory effect observed. Transfusion-induced polycythemic mice (TPM) were therefore considered to be less suitable for demonstrating erythropoiesis inhibitors. Our results from testing several doses of a urinary EIF in normal mice, TPM and HPM, indicated that the HPM provided the most sensitive assay system. A similar effect was obtained with hypoxia-induced polycythemic rats. The most marked effect was seen in HPM when the EIF was injected shortly before administering the ESF, while the effect was less pronounced when the EIF was injected 24 hr before or after the ESF.

scholarly journals The oxidation of reduced glutathione and other sulphydryl compounds

1923 ◽  
Vol 94 (661) ◽  
pp. 266-297 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Reduction Processes ◽  
Peptide Linkage ◽  
Glutaminic Acid ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Exact Position ◽  
Dynamic Oxidation ◽  
Sulphydryl Compounds ◽  
Cell Constituent

Hopkins (1) has recently isolated a cell constituent, glutathione, which would appear to play an important part in the dynamic oxidation and reduction processes in the tissues. The substance is a dipeptide of cystein and glutaminic acid, but the exact position of the peptide linkage has not yet been determined. For convenience the formula may be written G . SH, where G represents the residue of the cystein molecule linked with glutaminic acid. On oxidation the substance is converted to the disulphide form G . S . S . G in a manner strictly analogous to the conversion of cystein to cystine.

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