Fluorescence histochemical demonstration of dopa thioethers by condensation with gaseous formaldehyde

1977 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gun Agrup ◽  
Anders Bj�rklund ◽  
Bengt Falck ◽  
Sten Jacobsson ◽  
Olle Lindvall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histochemical Demonstration ◽  
Gaseous Formaldehyde

scholarly journals ACID CATALYSIS OF THE FORMALDEHYDE CONDENSATION REACTION FOR SENSITIVE HISTOCHEMICAL DEMONSTRATION OF TRYPTAMINES AND 3-METHOXYLATED PHENYLETHYLAMINES

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 794-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDERS BJÖRKLUND ◽  
ULF STENEVI
Keyword(s):  
Acid Catalysis ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Fluorescence Yield ◽  
Histochemical Demonstration ◽  
Formaldehyde Treatment ◽  
Hcl Gas ◽  
Fluorescent Products ◽  
Acid Catalyzed ◽  
Gaseous Formaldehyde ◽  
Related Compounds

Hydrochloric acid catalyzes the formation of fluorophores in the histochemical condensation reaction between gaseous formaldehyde and certain phenylethylamines and indolylethylamines. Thus, when the formaldehyde reaction is carried out in the presence of minute amounts of HCl gas, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylamine, 3,4-dimethoxyphenylalanine and tryptamine displayed a fluorescence yield approximately 20-200 times higher than that obtained after standard formaldehyde treatment in normal air ( i.e., the conditions of the Falck-Hillarp method). This fluorescence intensity was nearly twice as high as that obtained from noradrenaline and dopamine under the standard conditions. The results indicate that the acid catalyzes the first step of the histochemical reaction, i.e., the Pictet-Spengler condensation reaction. In this step low fluorescent tetrahydroisoquinolines and tetrahydro-β-carbolines are formed, which are subsequently dehydrogenated to strongly fluorescent products. Low reactive aromatic amines and amino acids, such as phenylalanine, tyrosine, amphetamine and melatonin, gave no or only very low visible fluorescence after this treatment. Thus, the acid-catalyzed histochemical formaldehyde reaction described in this paper exhibits a good specificity for indolylethylamines and 3-hydroxylated or 3-methoxylated phenylethylamines and will also allow the distinction between these structurally related compounds on the basis of their reactivity in the condensation reaction.

scholarly journals MICROFLUORIMETRIC STUDIES ON THE FORMALDEHYDE-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE OF NORADRENALINE IN ADRENERGIC NERVES OF RAT IRIS

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 714-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
GÖSTA JONSSON
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Intensity ◽  
Linear Part ◽  
Fluorescence Yield ◽  
Histochemical Demonstration ◽  
Adrenergic Nerves ◽  
Noradrenaline Concentration ◽  
Amine Storage ◽  
Rat Iris ◽  
Gaseous Formaldehyde

The fluorescence concentration relationship of formaldehyde-induced fluorescence of noradrenaline in adrenergic nerves of rat iris was investigated by the use of isotope and microfluorimetric techniques. The irides first were depleted of their endogenous stores of noradrenaline either by reserpine or by the methylester of α-methyl- p-tyrosine (H 44/68) and then were incubated in vitro in a physiologic medium containing 3H-noradrenaline for partial replenishment of the nerves of their transmitter. The incubated irides were prepared as whole amounts and were exposed to gaseous formaldehyde for histochemical demonstration of noradrenaline. Microfluorimetric and isotope measurements were performed on the same preparations. The fluorescence intensity was found to be proportional to the noradrenaline concentration up to a value corresponding to 30-40% of the endogenous level, above which a concentration-dependent quenching of the fluorescence occurred. In the linear part of the relation, it was possible to perform fairly safe estimations of the fluorescence intensity by eye, but, if the nerves contained more than 40% of the endogenous content, usually no differentiation could be made, probably as a result of quenching effects. The quenching appears somewhat earlier and the relative fluorescence yield is lower when noradrenaline is stored in the intraneuronal amine storage granules, compared with the situation when the amine mainly is distributed extragranularly in the axoplasm. It can be concluded that, if changes in fluorescence intensity as compared with the control are observed, this reflects true changes in amine concentrations, but changes in amine concentration may escape detection when the concentration of amine is so high that quenching occurs.

scholarly journals FLUORESCENCE METHODS FOR THE HISTOCHEMICAL DEMONSTRATION OF MONOAMINES: 4. HISTOCHEMICAL DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN DOPAMINE AND NORADRENALINE IN MODELS

1965 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 484-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
HANS CORRODI ◽  
GÖSTA JONSSON
Keyword(s):  
Hydroxy Group ◽  
Sodium Borohydride ◽  
Thionyl Chloride ◽  
Emission Spectra ◽  
Histochemical Demonstration ◽  
Protein Layer ◽  
Fluorescence Methods ◽  
Fluorescent Products ◽  
Gaseous Formaldehyde

If primary catecholamines e.g. dopamine and noradrenaline in a dried protein layer are exposed to gaseous formaldehyde, they are converted to intensely fluorescent 6,7-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolines. This reaction can be used for the histochemical demonstration of these amines. The fluorescent products of dopamine and noradrenaline have practically identidal activation and emission spectra. The 4,6,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline formed from noradrenaline has, however, a labile hydroxy group at 4-position which can be easily split off. This dehydration to the fully aromatic 6,7-dihydroxyisoquinoline was found to take place readily in a dried protein layer by treatment with thionyl chloride gas at 50°C. The isoquinoline shows other flurorescence characteristics than the 3,4-dihydroisoquinolines and is not reduced by sodium borohydride. A direct histochemical differentiation between dopamine and noradrenaline is thus possible.

The diagnosis of metabolic storage disease in skin biopsies (a light-, electronmicroscopic, and analytical study)

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 648-649
Author(s):  
W. Jurecka ◽  
W. Gebhart ◽  
H. Lassmann
Keyword(s):  
Storage Disease ◽  
Hunter Syndrome ◽  
Histochemical Demonstration ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Type I ◽  
Storage Material ◽  
Scheie Syndrome ◽  
Storage Products ◽  
Skin Biopsies ◽  
Type V

Diagnosis of metabolic storage disease can be established by the determination of enzymes or storage material in blood, urine, or several tissues or by clinical parameters. Identification of the accumulated storage products is possible by biochemical analysis of isolated material, by histochemical demonstration in sections, or by ultrastructural demonstration of typical inclusion bodies. In order to determine the significance of such inclusions in human skin biopsies several types of metabolic storage disease were investigated. The following results were obtained.In MPS type I (Pfaundler-Hurler-Syndrome), type II (Hunter-Syndrome), and type V (Ullrich-Scheie-Syndrome) mainly “empty” vacuoles were found in skin fibroblasts, in Schwann cells, keratinocytes and macrophages (Dorfmann and Matalon 1972). In addition, prominent vacuolisation was found in eccrine sweat glands. The storage material could be preserved in part by fixation with cetylpyridiniumchloride and was also present within fibroblasts grown in tissue culture.

Mitochondrial Oxidation of p-N, N-Dimethylamino-β-Phenethylamine (DAPA)

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 458-459
Author(s):  
W. Allen Shannon ◽  
Hannah L. Wasserkrug ◽  
andArnold M. Seligman
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Amine Oxidase ◽  
Histochemical Demonstration ◽  
Guinea Pig Heart ◽  
Pig Kidney ◽  
Cytoplasmic Vacuoles ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Mitochondrial Oxidation ◽  
Amine Oxidase Activity

The synthesis of a new substrate, p-N,N-dimethylamino-β-phenethylamine (DAPA)3 (Fig. 1) (1,2), and the testing of it as a possible substrate for tissue amine oxidase activity have resulted in the ultracytochemical localization of enzyme oxidase activity referred to as DAPA oxidase (DAPAO). DAPA was designed with the goal of providing an amine that would yield on oxidation a stronger reducing aldehyde than does tryptamine in the histochemical demonstration of monoamine oxidase (MAO) with tetrazolium salts.Ultracytochemical preparations of guinea pig heart, liver and kidney and rat heart and liver were studied. Guinea pig kidney, known to exhibit high levels of MAO, appeared the most reactive of the tissues studied. DAPAO reaction product appears primarily in mitochondrial outer compartments and cristae (Figs. 2-4). Reaction product is also localized in endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasmic vacuoles and nuclear envelopes (Figs. 2 and 3) and in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of heart.

An Upgrade of Apparatus and Measurement Systems for Generation of Gaseous Formaldehyde: A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Stefano Dugheri ◽  
Daniela Massi ◽  
Nicola Mucci ◽  
Giorgio Marrubini ◽  
Giovanni Cappelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Gaseous Formaldehyde

Formation of a Labile Pigment in Rabbit Ova During Histochemical Demonstration of Succinic Dehydrogenase

Science ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 117 (3043) ◽  
pp. 449-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Foraker ◽  
S. W. Denham ◽  
D. D. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Histochemical Demonstration
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