A comparsion of various procedures for fine grain development in electron microscopic radioautography

1975 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrix Markus Kopriwa
Keyword(s):  
Grain Development ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Electron Microscopic Radioautography

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF DEVELOPMENT ON THE NUMBER AND APPEARANCE OF SILVER GRAINS IN ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC RADIOAUTOGRAPHY

1967 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 501-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
BEATRIX MARKUS KOPRIWA
Keyword(s):  
Resolving Power ◽  
Silver Bromide ◽  
Grain Development ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Duration Of Action ◽  
Small Grains ◽  
Silver Grains ◽  
Electron Microscopic Radioautography ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Duration Of Development

Under conditions similar to those in electron microscopic radioautography, the development of three different nuclear track emulsions—Ilford L4, Gevaert 307 and Kodak NTE—was investigated by varying the type of developer, duration of action and temperature. These three factors influence: (1) the number of silver grains produced from exposed silver bromide crystals and, therefore, the sensitivity of the emulsion; (2) the production of a few silver grains from silver bromide crystals, unexposed to radiation from the specimen, that is, the background fog; and (3) the size and shape of the developed silver grains, thus influencing the resolving power. The developed silver grains increase in number and in size with increasing duration of development. After complete development in most developers, the silver grains consist of highly convoluted silver filaments and are 2 or 3 times as large as the original silver bromide crystals. However, small grains may be obtained by brief development in Loveland's and p-phenylenediamine developers, in which case only development centers are revealed. Such small grain development improves resolving power, but decreases the number of developed silver grains, thus reducing sensitivity. The most satisfactory emulsion-developer combination under the conditions of the experiment appears to be Gevaert 307 emulsion developed for 2 min in D-19b. Data are also presented to facilitate the selection of the optimal emulsion-developer combination for various experimental situations.

A simplified method of emulsion coating and development for quantitative electron microscopic radioautography

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-65
Author(s):  
K. Yoshida ◽  
F. Murata ◽  
S. Ohno ◽  
T. Nagata
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Identical Condition ◽  
Microscopic Level ◽  
Electron Microscopic Level ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Simplified Method ◽  
Complicated Process ◽  
Critical Problems ◽  
Electron Microscopic Radioautography ◽  
Quantitative Radioautography

IntroductionSeveral methods of mounting emulsion for radioautography at the electron microscopic level have been reported. From the viewpoint of quantitative radioautography, however, there are many critical problems in the procedure to produce radioautographs. For example, it is necessary to apply and develop emulsions in several experimental groups under an identical condition. Moreover, it is necessary to treat a lot of grids at the same time in the dark room for statistical analysis. Since the complicated process and technical difficulties in these procedures are inadequate to conduct a quantitative analysis of many radioautographs at once, many factors may bring about unexpected results. In order to improve these complicated procedures, a simplified dropping method for mass production of radioautographs under an identical condition was previously reported. However, this procedure was not completely satisfactory from the viewpoint of emulsion homogeneity. This paper reports another improved procedure employing wire loops.

Platelet Incorporation of Labelled Adenosine and Adenosine Diphosphate

1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (02) ◽  
pp. 304-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W Salzman ◽  
T. P Ashford ◽  
D. A Chambers ◽  
Lena L. Neri
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Platelet Inhibition ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Platelet Binding ◽  
Minor Degree ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Plasma Marker ◽  
Electron Microscopic Radioautography ◽  
Simultaneous Assessment

SummaryAfter incubation of platelet-rich plasma with labelled adenosine or ADP, platelet incorporation of radioactivity was assessed. Platelets were rapidly separated for counting by filtration through cellulose acetate Millipore. Inulin-H3 served as a plasma marker, and triple isotope techniques permitted simultaneous assessment of the behavior of the adenine and phosphate moieties of ADP without washing of platelets. In other experiments, electron microscopic radioautography was employed to trace the label after platelet incorporation.The results were consistent with previous reports that ADP is dephosphorylated in plasma and is incorporated by platelets only as a dephosphorylated residue, probably adenosine. The label crossed the platelet membrane and entered the platelet, where it was distributed in platelet granules and the agranular cell sap. Concentration within granules occurred to a minor degree.The results support the hypothesis that platelet aggregation by ADP occurs without a persistent bond of ADP to the platelet. Inhibition of aggregation by adenosine probably depends on a metabolic or transport process rather than on competition between adenosine and ADP for platelet binding sites.

scholarly journals Electron Microscopic Radioautographic Study on Protein Synthesis in Mitochondria of Binucleate Hepatocytes of Aging Mice

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1008-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuji Nagata
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Labeling Index ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Protein Precursor ◽  
Binucleate Cells ◽  
Mouse Hepatocytes ◽  
Electron Microscopic Radioautography ◽  
Liver Tissues

In order to study the aging changes of intramitochondrial protein synthesis in mouse hepatocytes, 10 groups of aging mice, each consisting of three individuals, total 30, from fetal day 19 to postnatal year 2, were injected with3H-leucine, a protein precursor, sacrificed 1 h later, and the liver tissues processed for electron microscopic radioautography. On electron microscopic radioautograms obtained from each animal, the numbers of mitochondria, the numbers of labeled mitochondria, and the mitochondrial labeling index labeled with3H-leucine that showed protein synthesis in each hepatocyte, both mononucleate and binucleate cells, were counted and the averages in respective aging groups were compared. From the results, it was demonstrated that the numbers of mitochondria, the numbers of labeled mitochondria, and the labeling indices of intramitochondrial protein syntheses in both mononucleate and binucleate hepatocytes of mice at various ages increased due to development of animals. The numbers of mitochondria, the numbers of labeled mitochondria, and the labeling indices of intramitochondrial protein synthesis in binucleate hepatocytes were more than those of mononucleate hepatocytes at the same aging stages.

scholarly journals Receptor-mediated entry of beta-glucuronidase into the parasitophorous vacuoles of macrophages infected with Leishmania mexicana amazonensis.

1983 ◽  
Vol 157 (5) ◽  
pp. 1471-1482 ◽  
Author(s):  
V L Shepherd ◽  
P D Stahl ◽  
P Bernd ◽  
M Rabinovitch
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Mannose Receptor ◽  
Leishmania Mexicana ◽  
Preputial Gland ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Secondary Lysosomes ◽  
Electron Microscopic Radioautography

125I-labeled rat preputial gland beta-glucuronidase was shown by light and electron microscopic radioautography to accumulate within the parasitophorous vacuoles of in vitro derived bone marrow macrophages infected with Leishmania mexicana amazonensis. beta-glucuronidase uptake was mediated by the mannose receptor, since the penetration of the ligand was inhibited by mannan. Uptake was detected as soon as 4 h after incubation of infected cells with the ligand, and increased at 24 and 48 h. The label persisted in the vacuoles for at least 24 h after a 24-h pulse with the ligand, a finding compatible with the relatively long half-life of labeled beta-glucuronidase in normal macrophages. Parasitophorous vacuoles were also labeled in macrophages exposed to the ligand only before infection, indicating that secondary lysosomes containing the ligand fused with the parasitophorous vacuoles. Another mannosylated ligand, mannose-BSA, which, in contrast to beta-glucuronidase, is rapidly degraded in macrophage lysosomes, did not detectably accumulate in the vacuoles. The results support and extend information previously obtained with electron opaque tracers that emphasizes the phagolysosomal nature of Leishmania parasitophorous vacuoles. In addition, the results suggest that appropriate mannosylated molecules may be used as carriers for targeting of leishmanicidal drugs to the parasitophorous vacuoles of infected macrophages.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document