Surface-tension titration of metal ions by using metal salts of fatty acids as surface-active indicators

1981 ◽  
Vol 308 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sugawara ◽  
K. Isazawa ◽  
T. Kambara
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
Surface Active

Perbandingan Karakteristik Surfaktan Metil Ester Sulfonat dan Sodium Lauril Sulfonat sebagai Bahan Emulsifier

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-176
Author(s):  
Eldha Sampepana ◽  
Paluphy Eka Yustini ◽  
Aditya Rinaldi ◽  
Amiroh Amiroh
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Interfacial Tension ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Emulsion Stability ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Enzymatic Method

Surfactant which is used as raw emulsifier in an industry activity such as Sodium Lauryl Sulfonate is a raw material import, it is petroleum derivative which is not renewable and may cause pollution to the environment, because it is not degraded and are carcinogenic. The purpose of the research is to compare the characteristics of the Quaternary methyl ester sulfonat (MES) and Sodium Lauryl Sulfonat (SLS) as emulsifier. First, make the MES by filtering and eliminating fatty acids of palm oil, then process the MES with enzymatic method become methyl ester, then react it in sulfonation and metanolization process, and also neutralized with NaOH. Next, the MES experiment is compared with SLS and existing MES in the market. The results show that surfactants MES experiment has value hidrofil lipofil balance (HLB) interfacial tension and emulsion stability greater than MES in the market and SLS. And the surface tension of MES experiment is larger than MES in the market, but smaller compared to SLS.ABSTRAKSurfaktan yang digunakan sebagai bahan baku emulsifer dalam aktivitas suatu industri pada saat ini seperti Sodium Lauril Sulfonat  merupakan bahan baku import yang merupakan turunan dari minyak bumi, dengan sifat tidak dapat diperbaharui dan dapat menimbulkan pencemaran terhadap lingkungan karena tidak mudah terdegradasi serta bersifat karsinogenik. Metil ester sulfonat dari bahan minyak sawit merupakan surfaktan dengan sifat mudah terdegradasi yang perlu diketahui karakteristiknya. Penelitian bertujuan untuk membandingkan karakteristik surfaktan metil ester sulfonat (MES) dan Sodium Lauril Sulfonat (SLS) sebagai bahan emulsifier. Mula-mula dilakukan pembuatan MES dengan cara menyaring dan menghilangkan asam lemak minyak sawit terlebih dahulu, kemudian diolah menjadi metil ester secara enzimatis, lalu direaksikan secara sulfonasi dan metanolisis, serta dinetralkan dengan NaOH. Selanjutnya MES hasil percobaan dibandingkan dengan SLS dan MES yang ada dipasaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa surfaktan MES memiliki nilai hidrofil lipofil balance (HLB) tegangan antar muka dan stabilitas emulsi lebih besar apabila dibandingkan dengan MES di pasaran dan SLS, kecuali nilai stabilitas emulsi antara MES dan SLS sama. Dan tegangan permukaan MES hasil percobaan, lebih besar dibandingkan dengan MES dipasaran, dan lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan SLS. Kata kunci :   Metil  ester sulfonat, hidrofil lipofil balance, emulsifier, sodium lauril sulfonat , stabilitas emulsi 

Surface active properties at the air–water interface of β-casein and its fragments derived by plasmin proteolysis

1989 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Wilson ◽  
Daniel M. Mulvihill ◽  
William J. Donnelly ◽  
Brian P. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Interface ◽  
Active Protein ◽  
Drop Volume ◽  
V Protein ◽  
Proteose Peptone ◽  
Rate Determining Step ◽  
Surface Active Properties ◽  
Air Water Interface ◽  
Surface Active

Summaryβ-Casein, was enzymically modified by incubation with plasmin to yield γ-caseins and proteose peptones. Whole γ-, γ1-, γ2/γ3-caseins and whole proteose peptone (pp) were isolated from the hydrolysate mixture. The time dependence of surface tension at the air-water interface of solutions of β-casein and its plasmin derived fragments, at concentrations of 10−1 to 10−4% (w/v) protein, pH 7.0, was determined, at 25 °C, using a drop volume apparatus. The ranking of the proteins with respect to rate of reduction of surface tension, during the first rate determining step, at 10-2% (w/v) protein, was γ2/γ3 ≫ pp > whole γ- > γ1- > β-casein. The ranking of the proteins with respect to surface pressures attained after 40 min (π40) was concentration dependent. γ2/γ3-Caseins were found to be very surface active, decreasing surface tension rapidly and giving a high π40. γ1 Casein decreased surface activity somewhat faster than β-casein, but generally reached a lower π40. Whole γ-casein reflected the properties of both γ1 and γ2/γ3-caseins. Proteose peptone was found to decrease surface tension rapidly during the initial rate determining step; it gave a relatively high π40 at a bulk phase concentration of 10−3% (w/v) protein, but, it was the least surface active protein at 10−1 and 10−2% (w/v) protein.

The Chorionic Plastron and its Role in the Eggs of the Muscinae (Diptera)

1960 ◽  
Vol s3-101 (55) ◽  
pp. 313-332
Author(s):  
H. E. HINTON
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Active Materials ◽  
Great Resistance ◽  
Plane Normal ◽  
Air Interface ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Egg Shell

In flies of the subfamily Muscinae the egg-shell has both an outer and an inner meshwork layer, each of which holds a continuous film of air. Between these two meshwork layers there is a more or less thick middle layer to which the shell chiefly owes its mechanical strength. Holes or aeropyles through the middle layer effect the continuity of the outer and inner films of air. Both meshwork layers consist of struts that arise perpendicularly from the middle layer. In both layers the struts are branched at their apices in a plane normal to their long axes. These horizontal branches form a fine and open hydrofuge network that provides a large water-air interface when the egg is immersed. When it rains or when the egg is otherwise immersed in water, the film of air held in the outer meshwork layer of the shell funtions as a plastron. To be an efficient respiratory structure a plastron must resist wetting by both the hydrostatic pressures and the surface active materials to which it is normally exposed. The plastrons of all the Muscinae tested resist wetting in clean water by pressures far in excess of any they are likely to encounter in nature. The resistance of a plastron to hydrostatic pressures varies directly as the surface tension of the water, and the surface tension of water in contact with the decomposing materials in which the Muscinae lay their eggs is much lowered by surface active materials. These considerations seem to provide an explanation for the great resistance of the plastron of the Muscinae to wetting by excess pressures and for the paradox that the plastrons of these terrestrial eggs are more resistant to high pressures than are the plastrons of some aquatic insects that live in clean water.

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