Calliactine, a paramagnetic violet pigment from the sea anemone Calliactis parasitica

1982 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 341-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Barbier
Keyword(s):  
Sea Anemone ◽  
Violet Pigment ◽  
Calliactis Parasitica

The Nature of Tissue Regeneration After Wounding in the Sea Anemone Calliactis Parasitica (Couch)

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane A. C. Young
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Sea Anemone ◽  
Calliactis Parasitica

Regeneration of ectoderm and mesogloea, and the interactions of these layers, in the sea anemone Calliactis parasitica (Couch) have been studied by examining the healing of simple wounds. Studies included the part played by the mesogloeal cells, the origin and functions of which have been much debated.

Control of mouth opening and pharynx protrusion during feeding in the sea anemone Calliactis parasitica

1975 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-626
Author(s):  
I. D. McFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Sea Anemone ◽  
Conducting System ◽  
Nerve Net ◽  
Calliactis Parasitica ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. Activity in all three known conducting systems (the nerve net, SS1, and SS2) may accompany feeding in Calliactis. The most marked response is an increase in pulse frequency in the SS2 (the endodermal slow conducting system) during mouth opening and pharynx protrusion. 2. Electrical stimulation of the SS2 at a frequency of one shock every 5 s elicits mouth opening and pharynx protrusion in the absence of food. 3. A rise in SS2 pulse frequency is also evoked by food extracts, some amino acids, and in particular by the tripeptide reduced glutathione, which produces a response at a concentration of 10(−5) M. 4. Although the SS2 is an endodermal system, the receptors involved in the response to food appear to be ectodermal. 5. The epithelium that lines the pharynx conducts SS1 pulses, but there is some evidence for polarization of conduction.

Excitatory Actions of Antho-RFamide, An Anthozoan Neuropeptide, on Muscles and Conducting Systems in the Sea Anemone Calliactis Parasitica

1987 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. D. McFARLANE ◽  
D. GRAFF ◽  
C. J.P. GRIMMELIKHUIJZEN
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Slow Muscle ◽  
Conduction System ◽  
Sea Anemone ◽  
Sea Anemones ◽  
Nerve Net ◽  
Direct Excitation ◽  
Calliactis Parasitica ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Fast Muscles

In the sea anemone Calliactis parasitica endodermal application of the anthozoan neuropeptide Antho-RFamide (<Glu-Gly-Arg-Phe-amide), at a concentration of 10−6 or 10−7moll−1, caused a long-lasting increase in tone, contraction frequency and contraction amplitude in several slow muscle groups but had no effect on contractions in fast muscles. The effects were investigated further in isolated muscle preparations. Ectodermal application to whole animals had no effect on muscle contractions. Both ectodermal and endodermal application, at 10−7moll−1, raised electrical activity in an ectodermal conduction system, the SSI, but had no effect on an endodermal conduction system, the SS2. Electrical activity in the SS2 was increased by application at 10−6moll−1 to the endoderm but not to the ectoderm. The peptide had no effect on the through-conducting nerve net. It is concluded that contractions evoked by Antho-RFamide may be partly due to neuronal activity, but probably also involve direct excitation of the muscles. The diverse excitatory actions of Antho-RFamide suggest that it may be a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in sea anemones.

Quick and Slow Contractions in the Isolated Sphincter of the Sea Anemone, Calliactis Parasitica

1957 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-28
Author(s):  
D. M. ROSS
Keyword(s):  
Latent Period ◽  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Neuromuscular Transmission ◽  
Sea Anemone ◽  
Optimal Frequency ◽  
Temporal Features ◽  
Calliactis Parasitica ◽  
Slow Contraction

1. The neuromuscular activities of isolated marginal sphincter preparations of the sea anemone, Calliactis parasitica, have been studied. They showed almost no rhythmical or spontaneous activity. 2. In addition to the facilitated step-like quick contractions in response to stimuli at frequencies between 0·2 and 3·0 sec., the preparations gave smooth slow contractions in response to stimuli (usually not less than 6 stimuli were necessary) at frequencies up to about 15 sec. (at 17-18°C.). These contractions are similar to those given by the so-called ‘slow’ muscles which do not take part in the quick closing movements of the animal. 3. A study was made of the relations between the size and latent period of the slow contraction and the number and frequency of stimuli delivered. At each frequency there is a threshold number of stimuli which only just gives a response; with additional stimuli the response gets bigger until a maximum is reached. There is an optimal frequency (stimuli about 6-8 sec. apart at ordinary temperatures) at which the biggest responses are obtained with fewest stimuli. 4. Certain mechanical and temporal features of the quick and slow contractions are compared and the observations are discussed in relation to current views on neuromuscular transmission and innervation in these and other invertebrates.

The association between the hermit crab Dardanus arrosor (Herbst) and the sea anemone Calliactis parasitica (Couch)

1961 ◽  
Vol 155 (959) ◽  
pp. 282-291 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hermit Crab ◽  
Sea Anemone ◽  
The Other ◽  
Behaviour Pattern ◽  
Normal Behaviour ◽  
Molluscan Shell ◽  
Calliactis Parasitica ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Pagurus Bernhardus ◽  
Marked Tendency

The association between Calliactis parasitica and the Mediterranean hermit crab, Dardanus arrosor , has been re-examined. It was confirmed that, unlike the Atlantic crab, Pagurus bernhardus , Dardanus arrosor can display an active behaviour pattern which assists the transfer of Calliactis to its shell. Extensive trials showed, however, a marked tendency for crabs to divide into two groups: ‘performers’, which show this behaviour almost without fail; ‘non-performers’, which almost never show this activity. Most of the ‘performers’ were females and the ‘non-performers’ males. Calliactis frequently transfers to Dardanus -occupied shells without the crab’s help. Actively ‘performing’ Dardanus often fail to transfer Calliactis to their shells. Observations on these cases and experiments with inactivated shells show that for successful crab-aided transfers the co-operation of the anemone is necessary. This co-operation depends on a response of the tentacles to the shell. Apparently it is similar to the ‘clinging’ response to Buccinum shells at Plymouth, now known to depend on a molluscan shell-factor. Crabs and anemones from the Atlantic and the Mediterranean are able to form associations and display their normal behaviour patterns in response to individual partners from the other population. The results are discussed in relation to the possible origins and advantages of the association to the two partners in the two cases.

Calitoxin, a neurotoxic peptide from the sea anemone Calliactis parasitica: amino-acid sequence and electrophysiological properties

Biochemistry ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 2484-2489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucio Cariello ◽  
A. De Santis ◽  
F. Fiore ◽  
R. Piccoli ◽  
A. Spagnuolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Sea Anemone ◽  
Electrophysiological Properties ◽  
Neurotoxic Peptide ◽  
Calliactis Parasitica
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