What can perch population data tell us about the acidification history of a lake?

1995 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Nyberg ◽  
J. Raitaniemi ◽  
M. Rask ◽  
J. Mannio ◽  
J. Vuorenmaa
Keyword(s):  
Population Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
Acidification History

Treasured Objects in School-Aged Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-386
Author(s):  
Miriam Sherman ◽  
Margaret Hertzig ◽  
Rochelle Austrian ◽  
Theodore Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Parental Attitudes ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Object Attachment ◽  
Object Use ◽  
Soft Objects ◽  
History Of

Infants and young children often form tenacious, persistent attachments to soft objects. No investigation has focused, specifically, on an older school-aged population. Data were collected from parents of 171 normal children between 9 and 13 years of age from the middle to upper socioeconomic class. The study (1) compared current behavioral characteristics of children with or without a history of attachment; (2) compared the current behavioral characteristics of the children who have or have not maintained that attachment; (3) explored the relationship between parental attitudes and the persistence or disappearance of the object; and (4) explored family demographics and object use among siblings. Approximately half (54%) had formed an attachment to an object in infancy. Of the group of "users" approximately half kept it until age 9 years (49%). There were no significant behavioral differences among those children who were or were not attached to an object, or among those children who continued to use a soft object after age 9 years compared to those who never used one at all. Parents felt they had little to do, directly, with their child's relinquishing the object. Sibling use, the number of siblings, ordinal rank of the child, parents' marital status, sex of the child, and history of thumbsucking were all unrelated to object attachment.

scholarly journals 1632. Different Healthcare Utilization Pattern in Vaccine Hesitant Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S595-S596
Author(s):  
Sangho Sohn ◽  
Kwan Hong ◽  
Hari Hwang ◽  
Byung Chul Chun
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Utilization ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Utilization Pattern ◽  
Pneumococcal Infections ◽  
Opt Out ◽  
History Of ◽  
Type Of Institution

Abstract Background National Immunization Program (NIP) in Korea provides 17 types of mandatory vaccines for all children free of charge. However, vaccine-hesitant group refusing the NIP are being a major threat to public health. We analyzed the healthcare utilization pattern observed in NIP eligible children and sought to identify those who remain unvaccinated using national population data. Methods History of receiving protein conjugate pneumococcal vaccine (PCV) was reviewed to determine the vaccination status of children born between 2013 and 2015. Children who had 3-doses or more out of 3 + 1 schedule were defined vaccinated, while those with no record of vaccination were defined unvaccinated. Their healthcare utilization records, including a number of visits, total duration, type of institution (hospitals, complementary and alternative medicine [CAM]), and purpose of visits (outpatient care, hospitalization), were retrieved from the National Health Insurance (NHI) Review and Assessment Service. Annual healthcare utilization rate and incidence of pneumococcal infections were estimated with Poisson regression and compared between study arm. The proportion of CAM out of total healthcare utilization was also compared. Results Among 1,272,685 children, 51% were boys and median age was 29.4-months. Two-percent of the cohort remained unvaccinated until study end. Annual hospital visiting rates were 26.9 times (95% confidence interval [CI] 26.9–27.0) for vaccinated and 3.4 (95% CI 3.4–3.5) for unvaccinated. Average NHI benefit period per year was 28.8 days (95% CI 28.8–29.0) for vaccinated and 3.9 (95% CI 3.8–3.9) for unvaccinated. The discrepancy resulted in under-detection of pneumococcal incidence in unvaccinated with 10.1 cases (95% CI 9.9–10.4) per 1,000 child-months whereas that of vaccinated was 42.5 (95% CI 42.4–42.6). Vaccine hesitant children preferred CAM at least 3-times more than vaccinated children (CAM proportion 3.5% in hesitant group vs. 1.07% in vaccinated group, P < 0.001). Conclusion Vaccine hesitant group not only refuses vaccination but also tends to opt-out from the entire medical attention and prefer CAM. Active detection considering this different pattern should be implemented in order to ensure the public benefits from the vaccination program. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Modeling the natural history of ductal carcinoma in situ based on population data

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarocha Chootipongchaivat ◽  
Nicolien T. van Ravesteyn ◽  
Xiaoxue Li ◽  
Hui Huang ◽  
Harald Weedon-Fekjær ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ ◽  
Carcinoma In Situ ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Population Data ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Trichomonas vaginalis infection is uncommon in the British general population: implications for clinical testing and public health screening

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel Field ◽  
Soazig Clifton ◽  
Sarah Alexander ◽  
Catherine A Ison ◽  
Rumena Khanom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Clinic Attendance ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Public Health Screening ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mixed Ethnicity

IntroductionVariable use of new molecular assays, asymptomatic infections and a lack of population data mean that the population burden of Trichomonas vaginalis is uncertain. We investigated the age-specific prevalence of T. vaginalis within the sexually active British general population to inform testing strategies.MethodsBritain's third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyle (Natsal-3) is a probability sample survey of 15 162 individuals aged 16–74 years, undertaken during 2010–2012. Urine from 4386 participants aged 16–44 years reporting ≥1 lifetime sexual partner was tested for T. vaginalis using in-house real-time PCR.ResultsUrinary T. vaginalis was detected in seven women and no men providing urine samples, giving a weighted prevalence estimate of 0.3% (95% CI 0.1% to 0.5%) in sexually experienced women aged 16–44 years. Of the seven women with T. vaginalis detected, four were of black or mixed ethnicity (prevalence 2.7% (0.9% to 7.7%) in this group) and five reported recent partners of black or mixed ethnicity. Six of the women reported symptoms, and five reported sexual health clinic attendance in the past 5 years (prevalence in those reporting clinic attendance: 1.0% (0.4% to 2.3%)). The prevalence of a self-reported history of T. vaginalis (past 5 years) was 0.1% (0.0% to 0.2%) in women and 0.0% (0.0% to 0.2%) in men aged 16–44 years.ConclusionsOur British population prevalence estimates indicate that T. vaginalis is a rare infection. These data support policies that restrict asymptomatic screening for T. vaginalis and suggest deployment of molecular tests should be focused within clinical settings and guided by symptoms and local demography.

Population History of the Onondaga and Oneida Iroquois, A.D. 1500–1700

2010 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric E. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Population History ◽  
Population Trends ◽  
Contact Period ◽  
Native American Population ◽  
European Contact ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Contact

Much of the discussion about North American precontact and contact-period populations has focused on continent-wide estimates. Although the associated work has produced valuable information on the demographic and cultural history of the continent, it has failed to generate agreed-upon estimates, population trends, or detailed demographic knowledge of Native American cultures. Using archaeological settlement remains and methods developed in recent research on Iroquoian cultures, this study estimates and examines population trends for the Onondaga and Oneida cultures of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) from A.D. 1500 to 1700. Onondaga population appears to have increased until the mid—seventeenth century, when drastic declines in settlement area and population size occurred. This depopulation event is both several decades after first contact with Europeans and at least a decade after the first known depopulation event among the Haudenosaunee. Oneida populations show a much more complex history that suggests the need for more detailed analyses of contact-period Native American population data. In conjunction with archaeological evidence and ethnohistoric information, the population trends generated by this study create a model of two precontact Native American populations and display the effects of European contact on those populations.

scholarly journals Neurocognition and social cognition in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders with and without a history of violence: results of a multinational European study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Iozzino ◽  
Philip D. Harvey ◽  
Nicola Canessa ◽  
Pawel Gosek ◽  
Janusz Heitzman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Forensic Patients ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Violence ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Abstract Objective Neurocognitive impairment has been extensively studied in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and seems to be one of the major determinants of functional outcome in this clinical population. Data exploring the link between neuropsychological deficits and the risk of violence in schizophrenia has been more inconsistent. In this study, we analyse the differential predictive potential of neurocognition and social cognition to discriminate patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders with and without a history of severe violence. Methods Overall, 398 (221 cases and 177 controls) patients were recruited in forensic and general psychiatric settings across five European countries and assessed using a standardized battery. Results Education and processing speed were the strongest discriminators between forensic and non-forensic patients, followed by emotion recognition. In particular, increased accuracy for anger recognition was the most distinctive feature of the forensic group. Conclusions These results may have important clinical implications, suggesting potential enhancements of the assessment and treatment of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders with a history of violence, who may benefit from consideration of socio-cognitive skills commonly neglected in ordinary clinical practice.

scholarly journals Natural history of papillomaviruses in men – what is known?

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Volgareva
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Human Papillomaviruses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Working Out ◽  
Oncogenic Hpv

Up till now human papillomaviruses (HPV) draw attention of biologists and clinicians owing mostly to the fact that some members of this group cause cervical cancer in women. However it is clear that both women and men take part in HPV distribution throughout population. Data get accumulated on peculiarities of HPV natural history in men when compared with women, as well as on capability of oncogenic HPV to induce cancer in several male organs. The present paper is an attempt to synthesize literature data on specific features of HPV natural history in men. Elucidation of these features is important for working out efficient approaches for prevention of HPV-associated malformation with regard to gender specificities.

scholarly journals Studying the Association Between Breast Cancer and Renal Cell Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid A Jazieh ◽  
Firas Baidoun ◽  
Nataly Torrejon ◽  
Zahi Merjaneh ◽  
Anas Saad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Family History ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Seer Database ◽  
History Of

Abstract Purpose: There are case reports of patients with both primary breast cancer (BC) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We explore the association between these two malignancies using SEER population data and our institutional records.Methods: We studied the association between BC and RCC in the 2000-2016 Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. We then reviewed our hospital records of patients with both BC and RCC and collected information including personal and family history of cancers, genetic testing, and patient outcomes.Results: Of the 813,477 females diagnosed with BC in the SEER database, 1,914 later developed RCC. The risk of developing RCC was significantly increased within the first six months, 7-12 months, and 1-5 years following BC diagnosis with standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of 5.08 (95% CI, 4.62- 5.57), 2.09 (95% CI, 1.8-2.42), and 1.15 (95% CI, 1.06-1.24), respectively. Of 56,200 females with RCC, 1,087 later developed BC. The risk of developing BC following RCC was elevated within the first six months (SIR of 1.45 [95% CI, 1.20-1.73]). For our hospital patients, 437 had both BC and RCC. 427 (97.71%) were female, and 358 (81.92%) were white, and breast cancer was diagnosed before RCC in 246 (61.5%) patients. There were 15 germline mutations in those with genetic testing. Conclusion:Our findings suggest that BC patients are at higher risk of developing RCC and vice versa. BC tended to precede RCC, and patients frequently had personal histories of other malignancies and a family history of cancer, particularly BC.

scholarly journals  Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in an Asymptomatic US Population 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Rigatti ◽  
Robert L. Stout
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Positive Serology ◽  
Blood Draw ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
Age Range

Abstract Methods: We performed SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests with the Roche e602 SARS CoV-2 Immuno system on 50,257 consecutive life insurance applicants who were having blood drawn for the purpose of underwriting mortality risk. Other variables included height, weight, and blood pressure at the time of the blood draw, a history of smoking and common chronic diseases (hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, and cancer).Results: The overall prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 was 3.0%, and was fairly consistent across the age range and similar in males and females. Geographical distribution revealed a very high level of positivity in the state of New York compared to all other areas (17.1%). Using US Census state population data to adjust state specific rates of positivity, it is estimated that this level of seropositivity would correspond to 6.98 million (99% CI: 6.56-7.38 million) SARS-CoV-2 infections in the US, which is 3.8 times the cumulative number of cases in the US reported to the CDC as of June 1, 2020.Conclusions: The estimated number of total SARS-CoV-2 infections based on positive serology is substantially higher than the total number of cases reported to the CDC. There is no apparent increase of risk of infection for individuals self-reporting, smoking, diabetes, heart disease, hypertension or cancer.

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