Synthesis of triazenes of the benzothiazole, benzimidazole, and pyridine series, and investigation of the kinetics of their photochemical decomposition

1971 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-186
Author(s):  
L. I. Skripnik ◽  
V. Ya. Pochinok ◽  
T. F. Prikhod'ko
Keyword(s):  
Pyridine Series ◽  
Photochemical Decomposition ◽  
Kinetics Of

Photochemical decomposition of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) in aqueous solution. I. Kinetic study

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
María I. Cabrera ◽  
Carlos A. Martín ◽  
Orlando M. Alfano ◽  
Alberto E. Cassano
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Intrinsic Kinetics ◽  
Photochemical Decomposition ◽  
Kinetic Expression ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Kinetics Of

The intrinsic kinetics of the photochemical decomposition of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in aqueous solution has been studied using light of 253.7 nm. Experiments were carried out in a well stirred batch reactor irradiated from its bottom by means of a tubular lamp and a parabolic reflector. Results were analyzed in terms of a very simple kinetic expression. Absorbed radiation effects were duly quantified by means of a one-dimensional radiation field model. This approach incorporates a variable absorption coefficient that is a function of the 2,4-D conversion. The decomposition kinetics can be properly represented with a point valued equation of the following form: RD, λ = − ΦD,λ eλ(y).

Photochemical decomposition of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl hydroperoxide. Photocatalytic effects of 3d transition metal 2,4-pentanedionates

1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 2830-2838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Mácová ◽  
Pavel Lederer
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Photochemical Decomposition ◽  
Kinetics Of

The photochemical decomposition of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl hydroperoxide (THP) in benzene has been investigated. The kinetics of the formation of the main products and of the removal of THP have been measured. It has been demonstrated that the solvent participates in the overall mechanism of THP photolysis. The effects of Fe(III), Co(III), Co(II), Mn(III), Cu(II), Cr(III) and Ni(II) 2,4-pentanedionates on the kinetics of THP photolysis and the formation of the main products have been investigated. Fe(III) and Co(III) 2,4-pentanedionates act as catalysts of the photochemical decomposition of THP.

Photochemical decomposition of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) in aqueous solution. II. Reactor modeling and verification

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-205
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Martín ◽  
María I. Cabrera ◽  
Orlando M. Alfano ◽  
Alberto E. Cassano
Keyword(s):  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Direct Photolysis ◽  
Reactor Modeling ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Photochemical Decomposition ◽  
Laboratory Reactor ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Good Agreement

An annular flow photoreactor for the direct photolysis of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid has been developed, mathematically modeled and experimentally verified in a bench scale apparatus. The model employs a very simple kinetic equation that was previously obtained in a well stirred tank, batch laboratory reactor. Reasonably good agreement has been obtained between model predictions and experimental results. The observed errors are mainly due to the fact that the kinetics of this very complex reaction have been modeled in terms of just one single concentration.

Kinetics of the thermal decomposition of cyclobutanone

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur T. Blades
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
Relative Rate Constant ◽  
Pressure Sensitive ◽  
Photochemical Decomposition ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Constant Expression

The thermal decomposition of cyclobutanone into cyclopropane and carbon monoxide has been shown to occur simultaneously with the major decomposition to ethylene and ketene. The relative rate constant expression is given by [Formula: see text] Both reactions are pressure sensitive below 10 Torr and this quasi-unimolecular behavior is most pronounced in the cyclopropane forming reaction, consistent with the higher activation energy. The data are also discussed in relation to the photochemical decomposition and it is shown that cyclopropane formation from the ground singlet is an important feature of the photolysis at 3130 Å.

scholarly journals The thermal decomposition of nitrogen iodide

1940 ◽  
Vol 174 (958) ◽  
pp. 410-424 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Mechanical Shock ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Alternative Formula ◽  
Photochemical Decomposition ◽  
Falling Weight ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Kinetics Of

Bunsen (1852) was the first to suggest that the formula of nitrogen iodide was NH 3 . NI 3 , although this was disputed later on account of the fact that any attempts made to remove the ammonia resulted in complete decomposition. An alternative formula, NH 2 I.NHI 2 , which took account of this fact, was, however, disproved by Silberrad (1905), who prepared triethylamine by the action of zinc ethyl on nitrogen iodide. Eggert (1921) investigated the thermal decomposition of nitrogen iodide and showed that the following equation represented the changes occurring during detonation, thermal or photochemical decomposition: (1) 8NH 3 .NI 3 → 5N 2 + 6NH 4 I + 9I 2 . The primary step (also suggested by Chattaway and Orton (1900) for the photochemical decomposition) was supposed to be: (2) NH 3 .NI 3 = N 2 + 3HI, followed by either or both of the following reactions: (3) 5HI + NH 3 .NI 3 → 2NH 4 I + 3I 2 ; (4) 3HI + 7NH 3 .NI 3 = 4N 2 + 6NH 4 I + 9I 2 . These results were obtained when the products were allowed to accumulate up to atmospheric pressures. The present investigation has shown that the decomposition takes a different course if the products are removed in high vacua. The properties of the substance when subjected to mechanical shock are well known. Under the impact of a small falling weight it detonates even at liquid-air temperatures (Eggert 1921). Eggert states that the detonation of this substance occurs under the action of pressure alone (at 5000 atm.) even when the substance is wet. Garner and Latchem (1936) showed that the substance detonates in a hard vacuum immediately it is dry, an observation which was confirmed by Belajev and Chariton (1936). The decomposition proceeds quietly at - 10° C if the pressure of the gas above the crystals be not allowed to fall below 2 x 10 -3 cm., the reaction slowing up as the products accumulate and coming to a standstill before all of the iodide is decomposed. It was suggested by Garner and Latchem that one of the products acted as a retarding agent stabilizing the solid. It was thought that the retarding agent was iodine, but this has been shown by the present investigation to be incorrect. In spite of the large volume of experimental research on nitrogen iodide, the details of the kinetics of its decomposition are still very obscure. Neither the activation energy nor the heat liberated in its decomposition is known, and there has been no extended investigation into its sensitivity to heat or to shock. It has been the object of this investigation to obtain information along these lines and also to throw some light on the initiation of detonation generally.

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