Effect of carbon dioxide and temperature on photosynthetic CO2 uptake and photorespiratory CO2 evolution in sunflower leaves

Planta ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 145 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Fock ◽  
K. Klug ◽  
D. T. Canvin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Co2 Evolution

Use of labeled carbon dioxide for separation of CO2 evolution from true CO2 uptake by photosynthesizing Amaranthus and sunflower leaves

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1185-1189 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Fock ◽  
J. D. Becker ◽  
K. Egle
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Liquid Scintillation ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Separation Of Co2 ◽  
Short Time ◽  
True Values

After 90 min of steady-state photosynthesis in a flow through gas circuit, illuminated Amaranthus and sunflower leaves were offered 14CO2 in a closed system and subsequently killed in liquid nitrogen. The lyophilized tissue was combusted by a modified in-vial microcombustion method. The radioactivity of the released carbon dioxide trapped in monoethanolamine was measured in a liquid scintillation spectrometer.CO2 evolution is not apparent in concentrations of low oxygen and the rates of 14CO2 uptake by photosynthesizing Amaranthus and sunflower leaves in 600 p.p.m. CO2 and 1% O2, which were constant during the short time 14C fixation, showed that the volume of the closed system was not rate limiting.In 600 p.p.m. CO2 and 50% O2Amaranthus leaves did not evolve carbon dioxide from recently fixed carbon-14. Under the same conditions the 14C content versus time relationship by sunflower leaves rapidly became curvilinear, indicating that increasing amounts of labeled carbon dioxide were being evolved from the tissue. Radioactive carbon was determined in the released carbon dioxide less than 1 min after the introduction of the 14CO2. The calculated minimum rate of CO2 evolution in the light was at least 5.5 mg CO2/h.dm2. The true values and kinetics can be approached if 14CO2 is fed for shorter periods of time.

scholarly journals A uniform, quality controlled Surface Ocean CO<sub>2</sub> Atlas (SOCAT)

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 735-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Pfeil ◽  
A. Olsen ◽  
D. C. E. Bakker ◽  
S. Hankin ◽  
H. Koyuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Global Team ◽  
Surface Ocean ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Global Data

Abstract. A well documented, publicly available, global data set of surface ocean carbon dioxide (CO2) parameters has been called for by international groups for nearly two decades. The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) project was initiated by the international marine carbon science community in 2007 with the aim of providing a comprehensive, publicly available, regularly updated, global data set of marine surface CO2, which had been subject to quality control (QC). Many additional CO2 data, not yet made public via the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC), were retrieved from data originators, public websites and other data centres. All data were put in a uniform format following a strict protocol. Quality control was carried out according to clearly defined criteria. Regional specialists performed the quality control, using state-of-the-art web-based tools, specially developed for accomplishing this global team effort. SOCAT version 1.5 was made public in September 2011 and holds 6.3 million quality controlled surface CO2 data points from the global oceans and coastal seas, spanning four decades (1968–2007). Three types of data products are available: individual cruise files, a merged complete data set and gridded products. With the rapid expansion of marine CO2 data collection and the importance of quantifying net global oceanic CO2 uptake and its changes, sustained data synthesis and data access are priorities.

scholarly journals Carbon Dioxide Adsorption on Porous and Functionalized Activated Carbon Fibers

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Chun Chiang ◽  
Cheng-Yu Yeh ◽  
Chih-Hsien Weng
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Co2 Adsorption ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Koh Activation ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Activated Carbon Fibers

Polyacrylonitrile-based activated carbon fibers (ACFs), modified using potassium hydroxide (KOH) or tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA), were investigated for carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption, which is one of the promising alleviation approaches for global warming. The CO2 adsorption isotherms were measured, and the values of isosteric heat of adsorption were calculated. The results showed that the KOH-modified ACFs exhibited a great deal of pore volume, and a specific surface area of 1565 m2/g was obtained. KOH activation made nitrogen atoms easily able to escape from the surface of ACFs. On the other hand, the surface area and pore volume of ACFs modified with TEPA were significantly reduced, which can be attributed to the closing or blocking of micropores by the N-groups. The CO2 adsorption on the ACF samples was via exothermic reactions and was a type of physical adsorption, where the CO2 adsorption occurred on heterogeneous surfaces. The CO2 uptakes at 1 atm and 25 °C on KOH-activated ACFs reached 2.74 mmole/g. This study observed that microporosity and surface oxygen functionalities were highly associated with the CO2 uptake, implying the existence of O-C coordination, accompanied with physical adsorption. Well cyclability of the adsorbents for CO2 adsorption was observed, with a performance decay of less than 5% over up to ten adsorption-desorption cycles.

scholarly journals Stoichiometry of carbon dioxide release and oxygen uptake during glycine oxidation in mitochondria isolated from spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaves

1979 ◽  
Vol 184 (2) ◽  
pp. 457-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
G P Arron ◽  
M H Spalding ◽  
G E Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Co2 Evolution ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Release

Mitochondria isolated from spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaves oxidized glycine with a stoichiometry of CO2 evolution to O2 uptake of 2 : 1. In the absence of added substrate, the mitochondria exhibited an extremely low endogenous rate of O2 uptake.

Biomodal Gas Exchange During Variation in Environmental Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in the Air Breathing Fish Trichogaster Trichopterus

1979 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-213
Author(s):  
WARREN W. BURGGREN
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Air Convection ◽  
Respiratory Homeostasis ◽  
Respiratory Medium ◽  
Suprabranchial Chamber

Gas exchange in the gourami, Trichogaster trichopterus, an obligate air breather, is achieved both by branchial exchange with water and aerial exchange via labyrinth organs lying within the suprabranchial chamber. Ventilation of the suprabranchial chamber, MOO2, MCOCO2, gas exchange ratios of both gills and labyrinth organs, and air convection requirements have been measured under conditions of hypoxia, hyperoxia or hypercapnia in either water or air. In undisturbed fish in control conditions (27 °C), air breathing frequency was 12 breaths/h, gas tidal volume 30 μl/g, total oxygen uptake 5.2 μ.M/g/h and total carbon dioxide excretion 4.1 μM/g/h, indicating a total gas exchange ratio of approximately 0.8. The aerial labyrinth organs accounted for 40% of oxygen uptake but only 15% of carbon dioxide elimination. Hypoxia, in either inspired water or air, stimulated air breathing. Total MOO2 was continuously maintained at or above control levels by an augmentation of oxygen uptake by the labyrinth during aquatic hypoxia or by the gills during aerial hypoxia. Hypoxia had no effect on MCOl partitioning between air and water. Hypercapnia in water greatly stimulated air breathing. About 60% of total MCOCO2 then occurred via aerial excretion, a situation unusual among air breathing fish, enabling the overall gas exchange to remain at control levels. Aerial hypercapnia had no effect on air breathing or O2 partitioning, but resulted in a net aerial CO2 uptake and a decrease in overall gas exchange ratio. Trichogaster is thus an air breathing fish which is able to maintain a respiratory homeostasis under varying environmental conditions by exploiting whichever respiratory medium at a particular time is the most effective for O2 uptake and CO2 elimination.

scholarly journals Carbon dioxide flux and net primary production of a boreal treed bog: Responses to warming and water-table-lowering simulations of climate change

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1091-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Munir ◽  
M. Perkins ◽  
E. Kaing ◽  
M. Strack
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Experimental Site

Abstract. Midlatitude treed bogs represent significant carbon (C) stocks and are highly sensitive to global climate change. In a dry continental treed bog, we compared three sites: control, recent (1–3 years; experimental) and older drained (10–13 years), with water levels at 38, 74 and 120 cm below the surface, respectively. At each site we measured carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes and estimated tree root respiration (Rr; across hummock–hollow microtopography of the forest floor) and net primary production (NPP) of trees during the growing seasons (May to October) of 2011–2013. The CO2–C balance was calculated by adding the net CO2 exchange of the forest floor (NEff-Rr) to the NPP of the trees. From cooler and wetter 2011 to the driest and the warmest 2013, the control site was a CO2–C sink of 92, 70 and 76 g m−2, the experimental site was a CO2–C source of 14, 57 and 135 g m−2, and the drained site was a progressively smaller source of 26, 23 and 13 g CO2–C m−2. The short-term drainage at the experimental site resulted in small changes in vegetation coverage and large net CO2 emissions at the microforms. In contrast, the longer-term drainage and deeper water level at the drained site resulted in the replacement of mosses with vascular plants (shrubs) on the hummocks and lichen in the hollows leading to the highest CO2 uptake at the drained hummocks and significant losses in the hollows. The tree NPP (including above- and below-ground growth and litter fall) in 2011 and 2012 was significantly higher at the drained site (92 and 83 g C m−2) than at the experimental (58 and 55 g C m−2) and control (52 and 46 g C m−2) sites. We also quantified the impact of climatic warming at all water table treatments by equipping additional plots with open-top chambers (OTCs) that caused a passive warming on average of ~ 1 °C and differential air warming of ~ 6 °C at midday full sun over the study years. Warming significantly enhanced shrub growth and the CO2 sink function of the drained hummocks (exceeding the cumulative respiration losses in hollows induced by the lowered water level × warming). There was an interaction of water level with warming across hummocks that resulted in the largest net CO2 uptake at the warmed drained hummocks. Thus in 2013, the warming treatment enhanced the sink function of the control site by 13 g m−2, reduced the source function of the experimental by 10 g m−2 and significantly enhanced the sink function of the drained site by 73 g m−2. Therefore, drying and warming in continental bogs is expected to initially accelerate CO2–C losses via ecosystem respiration, but persistent drought and warming is expected to restore the peatland's original CO2–C sink function as a result of the shifts in vegetation composition and productivity between the microforms and increased NPP of trees over time.

scholarly journals Multi-decadal uptake of carbon dioxide into subtropical mode water of the North Atlantic Ocean

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 2649-2659 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Bates
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Mode Water ◽  
Subtropical Mode Water ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic

Abstract. Natural climate variability impacts the multi-decadal uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (Cant) into the North Atlantic Ocean subpolar and subtropical gyres. Previous studies have shown that there is significant uptake of CO2 into subtropical mode water (STMW) of the North Atlantic. STMW forms south of the Gulf Stream in winter and constitutes the dominant upper-ocean water mass in the subtropical gyre of the North Atlantic Ocean. Observations at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site near Bermuda show an increase in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) of +1.51 ± 0.08 μmol kg−1 yr−1 between 1988 and 2011, but also an increase in ocean acidification indicators such as pH at rates (−0.0022 ± 0.0002 yr−1) higher than the surface ocean (Bates et al., 2012). It is estimated that the sink of CO2 into STMW was 0.985 ± 0.018 Pg C (Pg = 1015 g C) between 1988 and 2011 (70 ± 1.8% of which is due to uptake of Cant). The sink of CO2 into the STMW is 20% of the CO2 uptake in the North Atlantic Ocean between 14°–50° N (Takahashi et al., 2009). However, the STMW sink of CO2 was strongly coupled to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), with large uptake of CO2 into STMW during the 1990s during a predominantly NAO positive phase. In contrast, uptake of CO2 into STMW was much reduced in the 2000s during the NAO neutral/negative phase. Thus, NAO induced variability of the STMW CO2 sink is important when evaluating multi-decadal changes in North Atlantic Ocean CO2 sinks.

scholarly journals Fluxes of carbon dioxide at Thetford Forest

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Jarvis ◽  
J. B. Stewart ◽  
P. Meir
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Specific Humidity ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Air Temperatures

Abstract. The Thetford Project (1968–1976) was a keystone project for the newly established Institute of Hydrology. Its primary objective was to elucidate the processes underlying evaporation of transpired water and intercepted rainfall from plantation forest, so as to explain hydrological observations that more water was apparently returned to the atmosphere from plantations than from grassland and heathland. The primary approach was to determine the fluxes of water vapour from a stand of Scots pine, situated within a larger area of plantations of Scots and Corsican pine, in Thetford Forest, East Anglia, UK, using the Bowen ratio approach. In 1976, advantage was taken of the methodology developed to add measurement of profiles of carbon dioxide concentration so as to enable the fluxes of CO2 also to be calculated. A team from Aberdeen and Edinburgh Universities collected 914 hours of 8-point CO2 concentration profiles, largely between dawn and dusk, on days from March to October, and the data from an "elite" data set of 710 hours have been analysed. In conditions of moderate temperature (<25°C) and specific humidity deficit (<15 g kg−1 with high solar irradiance (>500 W m−2), CO2 uptake reached relatively high rates for pine of up to 20 µmol m−2 s−1 in the middle of the day. This rate of CO2 uptake is higher than has been recently found for four Scots pine forests in continental Europe during July 1997. However, the year of 1976 was exceptionally hot and dry, with air temperatures reaching 30°C and the water deficit in the top 3 m of soil at the site of 152 mm by August. Air temperatures of over 25°C led to large specific humidity deficits, approaching 20 g kg−1, and associated severe reductions in CO2 uptake, as well as in evaporation. However, when specific humidity deficits dropped below c. 15 g kg−1 on succeeding days, generally as a result of lower air temperatures rather than lower solar irradiance, there was rapid recovery in both uptake and evaporation, thus indicating that the large soil water deficit was not the main cause of the reductions in the CO2 and water fluxes. Based on earlier analysis of evaporation data on completely dry days, the concurrent reductions in CO2 flux and evaporation are largely attributable to decrease in canopy stomatal conductance. The air temperature, specific humidity deficit, and soil water deficit in 1976 were exceptional and similar conditions have most likely not been experienced again until 2003. We conclude that the information gained at Thetford in 1976 on the response of the pine forest ecosystem to such weather, may provide a good guide to the response of English pine forests to the projected climate change over the next 25 years.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document