Effect of feeding regime and irradiance on the photophysiology of the symbiotic sea anemone Aiptasia pulchella

1985 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Muller-Parker
Keyword(s):  
Sea Anemone ◽  
Feeding Regime ◽  
Aiptasia Pulchella ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

The effect of feeding regime and the provision of a foraging substrate on the development of behaviours in group-housed sows

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Burbidge ◽  
H.A.M. Spoolder ◽  
A.B. Lawrence ◽  
P.H. Simmins ◽  
S.A. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Regime ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Effect of feeding regime during rearing and subsequent pregnancies on body conditions and reproductive performance of sows over the first four parities

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 ◽  
pp. 6-6
Author(s):  
P.H. Simmins ◽  
S.A. Edwards ◽  
H.H. Spechter ◽  
J.E. Riley
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Feeding Regime ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Greater demands have been imposed by present-day management practices on the modern dam with gilts being bred at younger ages and lower levels of back fat. This has raised questions over whether current rearing feeding practices and low pregnancy feeding regimes may have adverse influences on lifetime reproductive performance. The objectives of this experiment were to compare the reproductive performance of sows given different feeding regimes during rearing and pregnancy. Data previously reported from the experiment have shown that the weight and back fat depth of the gilt can be manipulated by feeding regime during rearing and pregnancy (Simmins et al. 1989). Sows reared on lower feed levels were more prolific in their first two litters but they also had longer farrowing intervals (Edwards et al. 1989). Further results up to the fourth parity are described here.

Comparison of methods to measure hierarchies dm group-housed sows and the interaction with feeding regime

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 225-225
Author(s):  
F Brouns ◽  
S A Edwards ◽  
P R English
Keyword(s):  
Standard Diet ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Feeding Regime ◽  
A Value ◽  
Fibre Diet ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
Competition For Food ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Three Space ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Dominance allows animals priority of access to resources when these are limited. It is common practice to feed dry sows once or twice daily a relatively small amount of food. This can lead to high competition for food, when there are no provisions for individual feeding of group housed sows. In contrast, competition for food should be low when offeredad libitum.This study was designed to investigate the effect of feeding regime on the measurement of hierarchies in group housed dry sows.Four groups of 12 multiparous sows were housed in deep straw pens (3.1 m2/sow). Two groups were offered a high fibre dietad libitumfrom a three-space hopper (LC) and two groups were floor-fed 3 kg/sow of a standard diet once daily (HC). The diet composition is given in Brouns et al (1992).Groups were allocated to treatment after service. After two months on treatment, the dominance of every sow in each pen was determined in a feed competition test between all possible dyads of sows. A more detailed description of this test is given in Brouns et al (1992). The results of this test indicated how many pen mates each sow dominated (DR). This was used to calculate an index of linearity for the hierarchy (Appleby, 1983) giving a value between 0 and 1, where 1 indicates a completely linear hierarchy.

A note on the effect of feeding regime on the performance of sows housed in a novel group-housing system

1989 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Carol Petherick ◽  
Judith K. Blackshaw
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Group Housing ◽  
Feeding Regime ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
Food Trough

The effects on sow reproductive performance of three feeding regimes (ration (R), ad libitum (A) and ration + straw (R + S)), in conjunction with partial barriers placed along the food trough, were investigated. Three groups of four sows were put on the regimes, in a group-housing system, over three consecutive gestations. Each trial lasted 13 days and took place during the first half of the gestation period. Sows on A ate about three times the amount of food that was allocated to them on R and R + S (2 kg per sow per day). Feeding regime did not affect any of the measures of reproductive performance (numbers of piglets liveborn, stillborn, weaned, birth and weaning weights). Sows of parity 7 and over had significantly fewer liveborn and more stillborn piglets compared with parities 2 to 6 (P < 0·05). It is probable that no adverse effects of the feeding regimes were found due to the short time that the sows were on them and because multiparous animals were used. It is suggested that the welfare of ration-fed sows, whose appetite is not satiated, is jeopardized and that this problem may be solved by the provision of fibrous foodstuffs.

Amino acid synthesis in the symbiotic sea anemone Aiptasia pulchella

1998 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Swanson ◽  
O. Hoegh-Guldberg
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Sea Anemone ◽  
Amino Acid Synthesis ◽  
Aiptasia Pulchella

Cellular mechanisms underlying temperature-induced bleaching in the tropical sea anemone Aiptasia pulchella

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (20) ◽  
pp. 3443-3456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara J. Sawyer ◽  
Leonard Muscatine
Keyword(s):  
Protein Phosphorylation ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Sea Anemone ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Pocillopora Damicornis ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Paramagnetic Resonance ◽  
Aiptasia Pulchella ◽  
Tropical Sea ◽  
And Control

SUMMARY Temperature-induced bleaching in symbiotic cnidarians is a result of the detachment and loss of host cells containing symbiotic algae. We tested the hypothesis that host cell detachment is evoked through a membrane thermotropic event causing an increase in intracellular calcium concentration, [Ca2+]i, which could then cause collapse of the cytoskeleton and perturb cell adhesion. Electron paramagnetic resonance measurements of plasma membranes from the tropical sea anemone Aiptasia pulchella and the Hawaiian coral Pocillopora damicornis labeled with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) revealed no membrane thermotropic event. In addition, intracellular imaging using Fura-2AM as well as labeling anemones with 45Ca revealed no significant change in [Ca2+]i. However, bleaching could be evoked at ambient temperature with 25 mmol l–1 caffeine without affecting [Ca2+]i. [Ca2+]i could be altered with ionomycin in isolated host cells, but ionomycin could not induce bleaching in A. pulchella. As caffeine can affect levels of intracellular protein phosphorylation, the ability of other agents that alter intracellular levels of protein phosphorylation to evoke bleaching was investigated. The protein phosphatase inhibitor vanadate could induce bleaching in A. pulchella. Two-dimensional gels of 32P-labeled proteins from cold-shocked, caffeine-treated and control anemones show that both temperature shock and caffeine alter the array of phosphorylated host soluble proteins. We conclude that cnidarian bleaching is linked to a temperature-induced alteration in protein phosphorylation.

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