Role of female territoriality in social and mating systems of Canthigaster valentini (Pisces: Tetraodontidae): evidence from field experiments

1987 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Gladstone
Keyword(s):  
Mating Systems ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Female Territoriality

scholarly journals Agroecological aspects of application of Pseudomonas sp. DA1.2 in overcoming herbicidal stress in wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 03009
Author(s):  
Maxim. D. Timergalin ◽  
Arina V. Feoktistova ◽  
Timur V. Rameev ◽  
Gaisar G. Khudaygulov ◽  
Sergei N. Starikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Strain ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Synthetic Auxins ◽  
Promising Agent ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Stress Application ◽  
Positive Effect

This article submits results of laboratory and field experiments on the effect of an auxin-producing bacterial strain Pseudomonas sp. DA1.2 in comparison with Pseudomonas koreensis IB-4 on wheat plants in conjunction with the “Chistalan” herbicide treatment. Our work shows the positive effect of bacterial treatments on plant growth, the relative water content in leaves and the role of bacteria in the redistribution of ABA and IAA in wheat shoots under conditions of herbicidal stress. Application of Pseudomonas sp. DA1.2 together with the herbicide in the field of the steppe zone led to an increase in yield by 20% relative to the control variant. This bacterial strain helps to overcome herbicidal stress and is a promising agent for improving the technology of using synthetic auxins herbicides.

Conservatism Gets Funded? A Field Experiment on the Role of Negative Information in Novel Project Evaluation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline N. Lanei ◽  
Misha Teplitskiy ◽  
Gary Gray ◽  
Hardeep Ranu ◽  
Michael Menietti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Sharing ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Research University ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Negative Information ◽  
Initial Score ◽  
Funding Opportunities ◽  
Allocation Decisions ◽  
Selection Of

The evaluation and selection of novel projects lies at the heart of scientific and technological innovation, and yet there are persistent concerns about bias, such as conservatism. This paper investigates the role that the format of evaluation, specifically information sharing among expert evaluators, plays in generating conservative decisions. We executed two field experiments in two separate grant-funding opportunities at a leading research university, mobilizing 369 evaluators from seven universities to evaluate 97 projects, resulting in 761 proposal-evaluation pairs and more than $250,000 in awards. We exogenously varied the relative valence (positive and negative) of others’ scores and measured how exposures to higher and lower scores affect the focal evaluator’s propensity to change their initial score. We found causal evidence of a negativity bias, where evaluators lower their scores by more points after seeing scores more critical than their own rather than raise them after seeing more favorable scores. Qualitative coding of the evaluators’ justifications for score changes reveals that exposures to lower scores were associated with greater attention to uncovering weaknesses, whereas exposures to neutral or higher scores were associated with increased emphasis on nonevaluation criteria, such as confidence in one’s judgment. The greater power of negative information suggests that information sharing among expert evaluators can lead to more conservative allocation decisions that favor protecting against failure rather than maximizing success. This paper was accepted by Alfonso Gambardella, business strategy.

A genetic view on the role of prolonged drought stress and mating systems on post-drought recovery, persistence and drought memory of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.)

Euphytica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 216 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Saeidnia ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Majidi ◽  
Aghafakhr Mirlohi ◽  
Soheila Spanani ◽  
Zohreh Karami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Mating Systems ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Prolonged Drought ◽  
Drought Recovery ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

scholarly journals No evidence for an adaptive role of early molt into breeding plumage in a female fairy wren

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-420
Author(s):  
Sergio Nolazco ◽  
Michelle L Hall ◽  
Sjouke A Kingma ◽  
Kaspar Delhey ◽  
Anne Peters
Keyword(s):  
Mating Systems ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Adaptive Function ◽  
Female Ornamentation ◽  
Extrapair Mating ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Breeding Plumage ◽  
Adaptive Role

Abstract The evolution of ornaments as sexually selected signals is well understood in males, but female ornamentation remains understudied. Fairy wrens offer an excellent model system, given their complex social structure and mating systems, and the diversity of female ornamentation. We investigated whether early molt into ornamental breeding plumage plays an adaptive role in females of the monogamous purple-crowned fairy wren Malurus coronatus, the only fairy wren known to have female seasonal plumage. Using 6 years of monitoring, we found that the timing of female molt was similar to males, but there was no evidence for assortative mating. Like males (previous study), older and dominant individuals acquired their breeding plumage earlier; however, in contrast to males, early molt did not seem to be costly since unfavorable environmental conditions or previous reproductive effort did not delay molt. Early female molt was not associated with any indicator of reproductive quality nor did it attract additional offspring care by their partners. We also found no association between early molt and the likelihood of acquiring a dominant (breeding) position or with the presence or proximity to same-sex rivals. Our study results, which are similar to previous findings in conspecific males, suggest that directional selection for early molt might be relaxed in this species, in contrast to other genetically polygamous fairy wrens in which early molt predicts extrapair mating success in males. However, the finding that molt timing is status dependent raises the possibility that other attributes of the ornament may fulfill an adaptive function in females.

Interspecific Communication Between Ants

Behaviour ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 80 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 84-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna I. Reznikova
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Interspecific Communication ◽  
Exchange Of Information ◽  
Feeding Territory ◽  
Model Pair

AbstractWith the help of field experiments, the nonantagonistic relations and exchange of information among ants of various species occupying similar ecological niches were studied. Formica pratensis and F. cunicularia glauca, respectively dominant and subdominant in their associations, were chosen as the model pair. The dominant has a defended territory with a clearly defined secondary division. The feeding territory of the subdominant is organized to the type of individual foraging. The use of labyrinths with bait hidden in them showed that the subdominants are more enterprising foragers; when interacting with the dominant they play the role of scouts. The amount of prey of F. pratensis is so dependent on the presence of F. cunicularia that when the nests of this species are isolated, the F. pratensis bring three times less prey. The basis for the interaction of the foragers of different species is interspecific kinopsis and distant training.

Exploring the role of gender in common-pool resource extraction: evidence from laboratory and field experiments in fisheries

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (13) ◽  
pp. 912-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Revollo-Fernández ◽  
Alonso Aguilar-Ibarra ◽  
Fiorenza Micheli ◽  
Andrea Sáenz-Arroyo
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Resource Extraction ◽  
Common Pool Resource ◽  
Common Pool

scholarly journals Beyond sex allocation: the role of mating systems in sexual selection in parasitoid wasps

2014 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 599-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca A. Boulton ◽  
Laura A. Collins ◽  
David M. Shuker
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Sex Allocation ◽  
Mating Systems ◽  
Parasitoid Wasps
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