scholarly journals Increased somatomedin and cartilage metabolic activity in rabbit fetuses injected with insulin in utero

Diabetologia ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Hill ◽  
R. D. G. Milner
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Rabbit Fetuses ◽  
And Cartilage

scholarly journals The Role of Substance P in the Regulation of Bone and Cartilage Metabolic Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu-Xing-Zi Li ◽  
Feng Xu ◽  
Xiao Lin ◽  
Feng Wu ◽  
Jia-Yu Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
And Cartilage

scholarly journals The Interaction between microRNAs and the Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway in Osteoarthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 9887
Author(s):  
Xiaobin Shang ◽  
Kai Oliver Böker ◽  
Shahed Taheri ◽  
Thelonius Hawellek ◽  
Wolfgang Lehmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Microrna Regulation ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Disease Modifying ◽  
Disease Modifying Treatment ◽  
And Cartilage

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease affecting the whole joint, which still lacks a disease-modifying treatment. This suggests an incomplete understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is involved in different pathophysiological processes of OA. Interestingly, both excessive stimulation and suppression of this pathway can contribute to the pathogenesis of OA. microRNAs have been shown to regulate different cellular processes in different diseases, including the metabolic activity of chondrocytes and osteocytes. To bridge these findings, here we attempt to give a conclusive overview of microRNA regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in bone and cartilage, which may provide insights to advance the development of miRNA-based therapeutics for OA treatment.

Viability and metabolic activity of homozygous Brachyury (T) embryos

Development ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-276
Author(s):  
K. O. Yanagisawa ◽  
H. Fujimoto
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Embryonic Cells ◽  
Somite Stage

Some features of metabolic activity of homozygous mutants for the Brachyury (T) mutation were studied. The embryos incorporated tritium-labelled thymidine up to about the ‘32–36 somite’ stage. The total amount of protein per embryo increased until the same stage. T/T cells proved viable in vitro over the in utero lethal period. Several cell lines were established from +/+ and T/T embryonic cells.

Ultrastructure and Drug Metabolism in the Developing Guinea Pig

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 538-539
Author(s):  
W. Kuenzig ◽  
M. Boublik ◽  
J.J. Kamm ◽  
J.J. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Adult Animal ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Mixed Function Oxidase ◽  
Cytochrome P 450 ◽  
Microsomal Mixed Function Oxidase ◽  
Mixed Function Oxidase Activity

Unlike a variety of other animal species, such as the rabbit, mouse or rat, the guinea pig has a relatively long gestation period and is a more fully developed animal at birth. Kuenzig et al. reported that drug metabolic activity which increases very slowly during fetal life, increases rapidly after birth. Hepatocytes of a 3-day old neonate metabolize drugs and reduce cytochrome P-450 at a rate comparable to that observed in the adult animal. Moreover the administration of drugs like phenobarbital to pregnant guinea pigs increases the microsomal mixed function oxidase activity already in the fetus.Drug metabolic activity is, generally, localized within the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) of the hepatocyte.

Fibroblasts During Hypertrophic Scar Formation and Resolution

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 428-429
Author(s):  
C. W. Kischer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Hypertrophic Scar ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Ground Substance ◽  
Hypertrophic Scars ◽  
Scanning Electron

The morphology of the fibroblasts changes markedly as the healing period from burn wounds progresses, through development of the hypertrophic scar, to resolution of the scar by a self-limiting process of maturation or therapeutic resolution. In addition, hypertrophic scars contain an increased cell proliferation largely made up of fibroblasts. This tremendous population of fibroblasts seems congruous with the abundance of collagen and ground substance. The fine structure of these cells should reflect some aspects of the metabolic activity necessary for production of the scar, and might presage the stage of maturation.A comparison of the fine structure of the fibroblasts from normal skin, different scar types, and granulation tissue has been made by transmission (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Ultrastructural aspects of gymnosperms reproductive organs tissues due to their functional condition

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 440-441
Author(s):  
G. M. Kozubov
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Functional Condition ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Considerable Change ◽  
Complicated Structure ◽  
Tetrad Stage ◽  
Ubisch Bodies ◽  
Similar Organization ◽  
Female Reproductive Organs ◽  
High Metabolic Activity

The ultrastructure of reproductive organs of pine, spruce, larch and ginkgo was investigated. It was found that the male reproductive organs possess similar organization. The most considerable change in the ultrastructure of the microsporocytes occur in meiosis. Sporoderm is being laid at the late tetrad stage. The cells of the male gameto-phyte are distinguished according to the metabolic activity of the or- ganells. They are most weakly developed in the spermiogenic cell. Ta-petum of the gymnosperms is of the periplasmodic - secretorial type. The Ubisch bodies which possess similar structure in the types investigated but are specific in details in different species are produced in tapetum.Parietal and subepidermal layers are distinguished for their high metabolic activity and are capable of the autonomous photosynthesis. Female reproductive organs differ more greatly in their struture and have the most complicated structure in primitive groups. On the first stages of their formation the inner cells of nucellus are transformed into the nucellar tapetum in which the structures similar to the Ubisch bodies taking part in the formation of the sporoderm of female gametophyte have been found.

Alterations in Ultrastructure of Skeletal Muscle From Newborn Guinea Pigs Following in Utero Exposure to Ethanol

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 686-687
Author(s):  
C. Uphoff ◽  
C. Nyquist-Battie ◽  
T.B. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Ethanol Exposure ◽  
Prenatally Exposed ◽  
Chronic Alcoholic ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Food And Water Intake ◽  
Post Intubation

Ultrastructural alterations of skeletal muscle have been observed in adult chronic alcoholic patients. However, no such study has been performed on individuals prenatally exposed to ethanol. In order to determine if ethanol exposure in utero in the latter stages of muscle development was deleterious, skeletal muscle was obtained from newborn guinea pigs treated in the following manner. Six Hartly strain pregnant guinea pigs were randomly assigned to either the ethanol or the pair-intubated groups. Twice daily the 3 ethanol-treated animals were intubated with Ensure (Ross Laboratories) liquid diet containing 30% ethanol (6g/Kg pre-pregnant body weight per day) from day 35 of gestation until parturition at day 70±1 day. Serum ethanol levels were determined at 1 hour post-intubation by the Sigma alcohol test kit. For pair-intubation the Ensure diet contained sucrose substituted isocalorically for ethanol. Both food and water intake were monitored.

Cytokine synergy, collagenases and cartilage collagen breakdown

2003 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 125-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim E. Cawston ◽  
Jenny M. Milner ◽  
Jon B. Catterall ◽  
Andrew D. Rowan
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Activator Protein 1 ◽  
Activator Protein ◽  
And Cartilage ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

We have investigated proteinases that degrade cartilage collagen. We show that pro-inflammatory cytokines act synergistically with oncastatin M to promote cartilage collagen resorption by the up-regulation and activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The precise mechanisms are not known, but involve the up-regulation of c-fos, which binds to MMP promoters at a proximal activator protein-1 (AP-1) site. This markedly up-regulates transcription and leads to higher levels of active MMP proteins.

509: In Utero Exposure to the UV Stabilizer Benzophenone-2 Causes Hypospadias in Mice

2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 165-165
Author(s):  
Michael H. Hsieh ◽  
Erin Cheasty ◽  
Emily J. Willingham ◽  
Benchun Liu ◽  
Laurence S. Baskin
Keyword(s):  
In Utero ◽  
In Utero Exposure
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