Natural convection heating of liquids in closed containers

1976 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hiddink ◽  
J. Schenk ◽  
S. Bruin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Convection ◽  
Convection Heating

Heat Penetration Rates of Natural Convection Heating Liquids in Metal Containers

1994 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 802-807
Author(s):  
L. G. ZECHMAN ◽  
I. J. PFLUG
Keyword(s):  
Natural Convection ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Heating Zone ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Convection Heating ◽  
True Shape ◽  
Heat Penetration ◽  
Penetration Data ◽  
Slowest Heating Zone

Heat penetration (HP) test data have been obtained for water in 13 sizes of metal cans and for 16 fluids with different physical properties in 211 × 400 metal cans. Data were collected until the slowest heating zone was less than 0.1 C° below the heating medium temperature. When conventional HP graphs were plotted, these natural convection heating liquids formed curves instead of straight lines. A straight line was fitted by least squares regression to the data between (T1 - T) values from 40.0 to 4.0, 10.0 to 1.0, 4.0 to 0.4, and 1.0 to 0.2 C° and the f-values determined. The results show that the f-value of fluids that heat by convection increase with heating time, indicating that the true shape of the heat penetration data on a semilogarithmic graph is a curve.

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